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Using a data sample with an integrated luminosity of 2.93 fb−1 taken at the center-of-mass energy of 3.773 GeV, we search for the Majorana neutrino (𝜈𝑚) in the lepton number violating decays 𝐷→𝐾𝜋𝑒+𝑒+. No significant signal is observed, and the upper limits on the branching fraction at the 90% confidence level are set to be ℬ(𝐷0→𝐾−𝜋−𝑒+𝑒+)<2.8×10−6, ℬ(𝐷+→𝐾0𝑆𝜋−𝑒+𝑒+)<3.3×10−6 and ℬ(𝐷+→𝐾−𝜋0𝑒+𝑒+)<8.5×10−6. The Majorana neutrino is searched for with different mass assumptions ranging from 0.25 to 1.0 GeV/𝑐2 in the decays 𝐷0→𝐾−𝑒+𝜈𝑚,𝜈𝑚→𝜋−𝑒+ and 𝐷+→𝐾0𝑆𝑒+𝜈𝑚,𝜈𝑚→𝜋−𝑒+, and the upper limits on the branching fraction at the 90% confidence level are at the level of 10−7∼10−6, depending on the mass of the Majorana neutrino. The constraints on the mixing matrix element |𝑉𝑒𝜈𝑚|2 are also evaluated.
An amplitude analysis of the 𝐾𝑆𝐾𝑆 system produced in radiative 𝐽/𝜓 decays is performed using the (1310.6±7.0)×106 𝐽/𝜓 decays collected by the BESIII detector. Two approaches are presented. A mass-dependent analysis is performed by parametrizing the 𝐾𝑆𝐾𝑆 invariant mass spectrum as a sum of Breit-Wigner line shapes. Additionally, a mass-independent analysis is performed to extract a piecewise function that describes the dynamics of the 𝐾𝑆𝐾𝑆 system while making minimal assumptions about the properties and number of poles in the amplitude. The dominant amplitudes in the mass-dependent analysis include the 𝑓0(1710), 𝑓0(2200), and 𝑓′2(1525). The mass-independent results, which are made available as input for further studies, are consistent with those of the mass-dependent analysis and are useful for a systematic study of hadronic interactions. The branching fraction of radiative 𝐽/𝜓 decays to 𝐾𝑆𝐾𝑆 is measured to be (8.1±0.4)×10−4, where the uncertainty is systematic and the statistical uncertainty is negligible.
he process e+e−→pK0Sn¯K−+c.c. and its intermediate processes are studied for the first time, using data samples collected with the BESIII detector at BEPCII at center-of-mass energies of 3.773, 4.008, 4.226, 4.258, 4.358, 4.416, and 4.600 GeV, with a total integrated luminosity of 7.4 fb−1. The Born cross section of e+e−→pK0Sn¯K−+c.c. is measured at each center-of-mass energy, but no significant resonant structure in the measured cross-section line shape between 3.773 and 4.600 GeV is observed. No evident structure is detected in the pK−, nK0S, pK0S, nK+, pn¯, or K0SK− invariant mass distributions except for Λ(1520). The Born cross sections of e+e−→Λ(1520)n¯K0S+c.c. and e+e−→Λ(1520)p¯K++c.c. are measured, and the 90\% confidence level upper limits on the Born cross sections of e+e−→Λ(1520)Λ¯(1520) are determined at the seven center-of-mass energies.
We report on new measurements of Cabibbo-suppressed semileptonic D+s decays using 3.19 fb−1 of e+e− annihilation data sample collected at a center-of-mass energy of 4.178~GeV with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider. Our results include branching fractions B(D+s→K0e+νe)=(3.25±0.38(stat.)±0.16(syst.))×10−3 and B(D+s→K∗0e+νe)=(2.37±0.26(stat.)±0.20(syst.))×10−3 which are much improved relative to previous measurements, and the first measurements of the hadronic form-factor parameters for these decays. For D+s→K0e+νe, we obtain f+(0)=0.720±0.084(stat.)±0.013(syst.), and for D+s→K∗0e+νe, we find form-factor ratios rV=V(0)/A1(0)=1.67±0.34(stat.)±0.16(syst.) and r2=A2(0)/A1(0)=0.77±0.28(stat.)±0.07(syst.).
Born cross sections for the processes e+e− → ωη and e+e− → ωπ0 have been determined for centerof-mass energies between 2.00 and 3.08 GeV with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider. The results obtained in this work are consistent with previous measurements but with improved precision. Two resonant structures are observed. In the e+e− → ωη cross sections, a resonance with a mass of (2176 ± 24 ± 3) MeV/c2 and a width of (89 ± 50 ± 5) MeV is observed with a significance of 6.2σ. Its properties are consistent with the φ(2170). In the e+e− → ωπ0 cross sections, a resonance denoted Y (2040) is observed with a significance of more than 10σ. Its mass and width are determined to be (2034 ± 13 ± 9) MeV/c2 and (234 ± 30 ± 25) MeV, respectively, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second ones are systematic.
Based on an 𝑒+𝑒− collision data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 567 pb−1 taken at the center-of-mass energy of √𝑠=4.6 GeV with the BESIII detector, we measure the absolute branching fraction of the inclusive decay Λ+𝑐→Λ+𝑋 to be ℬ(Λ+𝑐→Λ+𝑋)=(38.2+2.8−2.2±0.9)% using the double-tag method, where 𝑋 refers to any possible final state particles. In addition, we search for direct 𝐶𝑃 violation in the charge asymmetry of this inclusive decay for the first time, and obtain 𝒜𝐶𝑃≡[ℬ(Λ+𝑐→Λ+𝑋)−ℬ(¯Λ−𝑐 → ¯Λ+𝑋)]/[ℬ(Λ+𝑐→Λ+𝑋)+ℬ(¯Λ−𝑐 → ¯Λ+𝑋)]=(2.1+7.0−6.6±1.6)%, a statistically limited result with no evidence of 𝐶𝑃 violation.
Using an 𝑒+𝑒− collision data sample of 2.93 fb−1 collected at a center-of-mass energy of 3.773 GeV by the BESIII detector at BEPCII, we report the observation of 𝐷0→𝑎0(980)−𝑒+𝜈𝑒 and evidence for 𝐷+→𝑎0(980)0𝑒+𝜈𝑒 with significances of 6.4𝜎 and 2.9𝜎, respectively. The absolute branching fractions are determined to be ℬ(𝐷0→𝑎0(980)−𝑒+𝜈𝑒)×ℬ(𝑎0(980)−→𝜂𝜋−) = [1.33+0.33−0.29(stat)±0.09(syst)]×10−4 and ℬ(𝐷+→𝑎0(980)0𝑒+𝜈𝑒)×ℬ(𝑎0(980)0→𝜂𝜋0)=[1.66+0.81
−0.66(stat)±0.11(syst)]×10−4. This is the first time the 𝑎0(980) meson has been measured in a 𝐷0 semileptonic decay, which would open one more interesting page in the investigation of the nature of the puzzling 𝑎0(980) states.
Using a data sample of 448.1 × 106 ψ(3686) events collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider, we report the first observation of the electromagnetic Dalitz decay ψ(3686) → η e+e−, with significances of 7.0σ and 6.3σ when reconstructing the η meson via its decay modes η → γπ+π− and η → π+π−η (η → γγ ), respectively. The weighted average branching fraction is determined to be B(ψ(3686) → η e+e−) = (1.90 ± 0.25 ± 0.11) × 10−6, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic.
The Born cross sections of the e+e− → +¯ − and e+e− → −¯ + processes are determined for centerof-mass energy from 2.3864 to 3.0200 GeV with the BESIII detector. The cross section lineshapes can be described properly by a pQCD function and the resulting ratio of effective form factors for the + and − is consistent with 3. In addition, ratios of the + electric and magnetic form factors, |GE /GM |, are obtained at three center-of-mass energies through an analysis of the angular distributions. These measurements, which are studied for the first time in the off-resonance region, provide precision experimental input for understanding baryonic structure. The observed new features of the ± form factors require more theoretical discussions for the hyperons.
Using 16 energy points of e+e− annihilation data collected in the vicinity of the J/ψ resonance with the BESIII detector and with a total integrated luminosity of around 100 pb−1, we study the relative phase between the strong and electromagnetic amplitudes of J/ψ decays. The relative phase between J/ψ electromagnetic decay and the continuum process (e+e− annihilation without the J/ψ resonance) is confirmed to be zero by studying the cross section lineshape of μ+μ− production. The relative phase between J/ψ strong and electromagnetic decays is then measured to be (84.9 ± 3.6)◦ or (−84.7 ± 3.1)◦ for the 2(π+π−)π0 final state by investigating the interference pattern between the J/ψ decay and the continuum process. This is the first measurement of the relative phase between J/ψ strong and electromagnetic decays into a multihadron final state using the lineshape of the production cross section. We also study the production lineshape of the multihadron final state ηπ+π− with η → π+π−π0, which provides additional information about the phase between the J/ψ electromagnetic decay amplitude and the continuum process. Additionally, the branching fraction of J/ψ → 2(π+π−)π0 is measured to be (4.73 ± 0.44)% or (4.85 ± 0.45)%, and the branching fraction of J/ψ → ηπ+π− is measured to be (3.78 ± 0.68) × 10−4. Both of them are consistent with the world average values. The quoted uncertainties include both statistical and systematic uncertainties, which are mainly caused by the low statistics.
The highly infectious disease COVID-19 caused by the Betacoronavirus SARS-CoV-2 poses a severe threat to humanity and demands the redirection of scientific efforts and criteria to organized research projects. The international COVID19-NMR consortium seeks to provide such new approaches by gathering scientific expertise worldwide. In particular, making available viral proteins and RNAs will pave the way to understanding the SARS-CoV-2 molecular components in detail. The research in COVID19-NMR and the resources provided through the consortium are fully disclosed to accelerate access and exploitation. NMR investigations of the viral molecular components are designated to provide the essential basis for further work, including macromolecular interaction studies and high-throughput drug screening. Here, we present the extensive catalog of a holistic SARS-CoV-2 protein preparation approach based on the consortium’s collective efforts. We provide protocols for the large-scale production of more than 80% of all SARS-CoV-2 proteins or essential parts of them. Several of the proteins were produced in more than one laboratory, demonstrating the high interoperability between NMR groups worldwide. For the majority of proteins, we can produce isotope-labeled samples of HSQC-grade. Together with several NMR chemical shift assignments made publicly available on covid19-nmr.com, we here provide highly valuable resources for the production of SARS-CoV-2 proteins in isotope-labeled form.
Using a sample of 4.48×108 ψ(3686) events collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider, we study the two-photon decays of the pseudoscalar mesons π0, η, η′, η(1405), η(1475), η(1760), and X(1835) in J/ψ radiative decays using ψ(3686)→π+π−J/ψ events. The π0, η and η′ mesons are clearly observed in the two-photon mass spectra, and the branching fractions are determined to be B(J/ψ→γπ0→3γ)=(3.57±0.12±0.16)×10−5, B(J/ψ→γη→3γ)=(4.42±0.04±0.18)×10−4, and B(J/ψ→γη′→3γ)=(1.26±0.02±0.05)×10−4, where the first errors are statistical and the second systematic. No clear signal for η(1405), η(1475), η(1760) or X(1835) is observed in the two-photon mass spectra, and upper limits at the 90% confidence level on the product branching fractions are obtained.
We report the first measurements of absolute branching fractions for the W -exchange-only processes + c → 0K + and + c → (1530)0K + with the double-tag technique, by analyzing an e+e− collision data sample, that corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 567 pb−1 collected at a center-of-mass energy of 4.6 GeV by the BESIII detector. The branching fractions are measured to be B(+c → 0K +) = (5.90 ± 0.86 ± 0.39) × 10−3 and B(+c → (1530)0K +) = (5.02 ± 0.99 ± 0.31) × 10−3, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic. Our results are more precise than the previous relative measurements.
We report the first observation of the decay Λ+c→Σ−π+π+π0, based on data obtained in e+e− annihilations with an integrated luminosity of 567~pb−1 at s√=4.6~GeV. The data were collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII storage rings. The absolute branching fraction B(Λ+c→Σ−π+π+π0) is determined to be (2.11±0.33(stat.)±0.14(syst.))%. In addition, an improved measurement of B(Λ+c→Σ−π+π+) is determined as (1.81±0.17(stat.)±0.09(syst.))%.
The production of the Λ(1520) baryonic resonance has been measured at midrapidity in inelastic pp collisions at s√ = 7 TeV and in p-Pb collisions at sNN−−−√ = 5.02 TeV for non-single diffractive events and in multiplicity classes. The resonance is reconstructed through its hadronic decay channel Λ(1520) → pK− and the charge conjugate with the ALICE detector. The integrated yields and mean transverse momenta are calculated from the measured transverse momentum distributions in pp and p-Pb collisions. The mean transverse momenta follow mass ordering as previously observed for other hyperons in the same collision systems. A Blast-Wave function constrained by other light hadrons (π, K, K0S, p, Λ) describes the shape of the Λ(1520) transverse momentum distribution up to 3.5 GeV/c in p-Pb collisions. In the framework of this model, this observation suggests that the Λ(1520) resonance participates in the same collective radial flow as other light hadrons. The ratio of the yield of Λ(1520) to the yield of the ground state particle Λ remains constant as a function of charged-particle multiplicity, suggesting that there is no net effect of the hadronic phase in p-Pb collisions on the Λ(1520) yield.
The production of the Λ(1520) baryonic resonance has been measured at midrapidity in inelastic pp collisions at s√ = 7 TeV and in p-Pb collisions at sNN−−−√ = 5.02 TeV for non-single diffractive events and in multiplicity classes. The resonance is reconstructed through its hadronic decay channel Λ(1520) → pK− and the charge conjugate with the ALICE detector. The integrated yields and mean transverse momenta are calculated from the measured transverse momentum distributions in pp and p-Pb collisions. The mean transverse momenta follow mass ordering as previously observed for other hyperons in the same collision systems. A Blast-Wave function constrained by other light hadrons (π, K, K0S, p, Λ) describes the shape of the Λ(1520) transverse momentum distribution up to 3.5 GeV/c in p-Pb collisions. In the framework of this model, this observation suggests that the Λ(1520) resonance participates in the same collective radial flow as other light hadrons. The ratio of the yield of Λ(1520) to the yield of the ground state particle Λ remains constant as a function of charged-particle multiplicity, suggesting that there is no net effect of the hadronic phase in p-Pb collisions on the Λ(1520) yield.
The Transition Radiation Detector (TRD) was designed and built to enhance the capabilities of the ALICE detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). While aimed at providing electron identification and triggering, the TRD also contributes significantly to the track reconstruction and calibration in the central barrel of ALICE. In this paper the design, construction, operation, and performance of this detector are discussed. A pion rejection factor of up to 410 is achieved at a momentum of 1 GeV/c in p-Pb collisions and the resolution at high transverse momentum improves by about 40% when including the TRD information in track reconstruction. The triggering capability is demonstrated both for jet, light nuclei, and electron selection.
The Transition Radiation Detector (TRD) was designed and built to enhance the capabilities of the ALICE detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). While aimed at providing electron identification and triggering, the TRD also contributes significantly to the track reconstruction and calibration in the central barrel of ALICE. In this paper the design, construction, operation, and performance of this detector are discussed. A pion rejection factor of up to 410 is achieved at a momentum of 1 GeV/c in p-Pb collisions and the resolution at high transverse momentum improves by about 40% when including the TRD information in track reconstruction. The triggering capability is demonstrated both for jet, light nuclei, and electron selection.
The Transition Radiation Detector (TRD) was designed and built to enhance the capabilities of the ALICE detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). While aimed at providing electron identification and triggering, the TRD also contributes significantly to the track reconstruction and calibration in the central barrel of ALICE. In this paper the design, construction, operation, and performance of this detector are discussed. A pion rejection factor of up to 410 is achieved at a momentum of 1 GeV/c in p–Pb collisions and the resolution at high transverse momentum improves by about 40% when including the TRD information in track reconstruction. The triggering capability is demonstrated both for jet, light nuclei, and electron selection.
Transverse momentum (pT ) spectra of charged particles at mid-pseudorapidity in Xe–Xe collisions at √sNN=5.44TeV measured with the ALICE apparatus at the Large Hadron Collider are reported. The kinematic range 0.15<pT<50GeV/c and |η|<0.8 is covered. Results are presented in nine classes of collision centrality in the 0–80% range. For comparison, a pp reference at the collision energy of √s=5.44 TeV is obtained by interpolating between existing pp measurements at √s=5.02 and 7 TeV. The nuclear modification factors in central Xe–Xe collisions and Pb–Pb collisions at a similar center-of-mass energy of √sNN=5.02 TeV, and in addition at 2.76 TeV, at analogous ranges of charged particle multiplicity density 〈dNch/dη〉 show a remarkable similarity at pT>10 GeV/c. The centrality dependence of the ratio of the average transverse momentum 〈pT〉 in Xe–Xe collisions over Pb–Pb collision at √s=5.02 TeV is compared to hydrodynamical model calculations.
The elliptic flow (v2) of (anti-)3He is measured in Pb–Pb collisions at √sNN=5.02TeV in the transverse-momentum (pT) range of 2–6 GeV/c for the centrality classes 0–20%, 20–40%, and 40–60% using the event-plane method. This measurement is compared to that of pions, kaons, and protons at the same center-of-mass energy. A clear mass ordering is observed at low pT, as expected from relativistic hydrodynamics. The violation of the scaling of v2 with the number of constituent quarks at low pT, already observed for identified hadrons and deuterons at LHC energies, is confirmed also for (anti-)3He. The elliptic flow of (anti-)3He is underestimated by the Blast-Wave model and overestimated by a simple coalescence approach based on nucleon scaling. The elliptic flow of (anti-)3He measured in the centrality classes 0–20% and 20–40% is well described by a more sophisticated coalescence model where the phase-space distributions of protons and neutrons are generated using the iEBE-VISHNU hybrid model with AMPT initial conditions.
The procedure for the energy calibration of the high granularity electromagnetic calorimeter PHOS of the ALICE experiment is presented. The methods used to perform the relative gain calibration, to evaluate the geometrical alignment and the corresponding correction of the absolute energy scale, to obtain the nonlinearity correction coefficients and finally, to calculate the time-dependent calibration corrections, are discussed and illustrated by the PHOS performance in proton-proton (pp) collisions at s√=13 TeV. After applying all corrections, the achieved mass resolution of π0 and η mesons for pT>1.7 GeV/c is σπ0m=4.56±0.03 MeV/c2 and σηm=15.3±1.0 MeV/c2.
The procedure for the energy calibration of the high granularity electromagnetic calorimeter PHOS of the ALICE experiment is presented. The methods used to perform the relative gain calibration, to evaluate the geometrical alignment and the corresponding correction of the absolute energy scale, to obtain the nonlinearity correction coefficients and finally, to calculate the time-dependent calibration corrections, are discussed and illustrated by the PHOS performance in proton-proton (pp) collisions at s√ = 13 TeV. After applying all corrections, the achieved mass resolutions for π0 and η mesons for pT>1.7 GeV/c are σπ0m=4.56±0.03 MeV/c2 and σηm=15.3±1.0 MeV/c2, respectively.
The ALICE collaboration at the CERN LHC reports novel measurements of jet substructure in pp collisions at s√= 7 TeV and central Pb-Pb collisions at sNN−−−√ = 2.76 TeV. Jet substructure of track-based jets is explored via iterative declustering and grooming techniques. We present the measurement of the momentum sharing of two-prong substructure exposed via grooming, the zg, and its dependence on the opening angle, in both pp and Pb-Pb collisions. We also present the first measurement of the distribution of the number of branches obtained in the iterative declustering of the jet, which is interpreted as the number of its hard splittings. In Pb-Pb collisions, we observe a suppression of symmetric splittings at large opening angles and an enhancement of splittings at small opening angles relative to pp collisions, with no significant modification of the number of splittings. The results are compared to predictions from various Monte Carlo event generators to test the role of important concepts in the evolution of the jet in the medium such as color coherence.
The ALICE collaboration at the CERN LHC reports novel measurements of jet substructure in pp collisions at s√= 7 TeV and central Pb-Pb collisions at sNN−−−√ = 2.76 TeV. Jet substructure of track-based jets is explored via iterative declustering and grooming techniques. We present the measurement of the momentum sharing of two-prong substructure exposed via grooming, the zg, and its dependence on the opening angle, in both pp and Pb-Pb collisions. We also present the first measurement of the distribution of the number of branches obtained in the iterative declustering of the jet, which is interpreted as the number of its hard splittings. In Pb-Pb collisions, we observe a suppression of symmetric splittings at large opening angles and an enhancement of splittings at small opening angles relative to pp collisions, with no significant modification of the number of splittings. The results are compared to predictions from various Monte Carlo event generators to test the role of important concepts in the evolution of the jet in the medium such as color coherence.
The relaxation of hot nuclear matter to an equilibrated state in the central zone of heavy-ion collisions at energies from AGS to RHIC is studied within the microscopic UrQMD model. It is found that the system reaches the (quasi)equilibrium stage for the period of 10-15 fm/c. Within this time the matter in the cell expands nearly isentropically with the entropy to baryon ratio S/A = 150 - 170. Thermodynamic characteristics of the system at AGS and at SPS energies at the endpoints of this stage are very close to the parameters of chemical and thermal freeze-out extracted from the thermal fit to experimental data. Predictions are made for the full RHIC energy square root s = 200$ AGeV. The formation of a resonance-rich state at RHIC energies is discussed.
Relativistic hadron-hadron collisions in the ultra-relativistic quantum molecular dynamics model
(1999)
Hadron-hadron collisions at high energies are investigated in the Ultra- relativistic-Quantum-Molecular-Dynamics approach. This microscopic trans- port model describes the phenomenology of hadronic interactions at low and intermediate energies ( s < 5 GeV) in terms of interactions between known hadrons and their resonances. At higher energies, s > 5 GeV, the excitation of color strings and their subsequent fragmentation into hadrons dominates the multiple production of particles in the UrQMD model. The model shows a fair overall agreement with a large body of experimental h-h data over a wide range of h-h center-of-mass energies. Hadronic reaction data with higher precision would be useful to support the use of the UrQMD model for relativistic heavy ion collisions.
Local equilibrium in heavy ion collisions. Microscopic model versus statistical model analysis
(1999)
The assumption of local equilibrium in relativistic heavy ion collisions at energies from 10.7 AGeV (AGS) up to 160 AGeV (SPS) is checked in the microscopic transport model. Dynamical calculations performed for a central cell in the reaction are compared to the predictions of the thermal statistical model. We find that kinetic, thermal and chemical equilibration of the expanding hadronic matter are nearly approached late in central collisions at AGS energy for t >= 10 fm/c in a central cell. At these times the equation of state may be approximated by a simple dependence P ~= (0.12-0.15) epsilon. Increasing deviations of the yields and the energy spectra of hadrons from statistical model values are observed for increasing energy, 40 AGeV and 160 AGeV. These violations of local equilibrium indicate that a fully equilibrated state is not reached, not even in the central cell of heavy ion collisions at energies above 10 AGeV. The origin of these findings is traced to the multiparticle decays of strings and many-body decays of resonances.
Abstract: Local thermal and chemical equilibration is studied for central AqA collisions at 10.7 160 AGeV in the Ultrarelativis- . tic Quantum Molecular Dynamics model UrQMD . The UrQMD model exhibits strong deviations from local equilibrium at the high density hadron string phase formed during the early stage of the collision. Equilibration of the hadron resonance matter is established in the central cell of volume Vs125 fm3 at later stages, tG10 fmrc, of the resulting quasi-isentropic expansion. The thermodynamical functions in the cell and their time evolution are presented. Deviations of the UrQMD quasi-equilibrium state from the statistical mechanics equilibrium are found. They increase with energy per baryon and lead to a strong enhancement of the pion number density as compared to statistical mechanics estimates at SPS energies. PACS: 25.75.-q; 24.10.Lx; 24.10.Pa; 64.30.qt
The hypothesis of local equilibrium (LE) in relativistic heavy ion collisions at energies from AGS to RHIC is checked in the microscopic transport model. We find that kinetic, thermal, and chemical equilibration of the expanding hadronic matter is nearly reached in central collisions at AGS energy for t >_ fm/c in a central cell. At these times the equation of state may be approximated by a simple dependence P ~= (0.12-0.15) epsilon. Increasing deviations of the yields and the energy spectra of hadrons from statistical model values are observed for increasing bombarding energies. The origin of these deviations is traced to the irreversible multiparticle decays of strings and many-body (N >_ 3) decays of resonances. The violations of LE indicate that the matter in the cell reaches a steady state instead of idealized equilibrium. The entropy density in the cell is only about 6% smaller than that of the equilibrium state.
We present the first measurement of event-by-event fluctuations in the kaon sector in Pb – Pb collisions at √sNN = 2.76 TeV with the ALICE detector at the LHC. The robust fluctuation correlator νdyn is used to evaluate the magnitude of fluctuations of the relative yields of neutral and charged kaons, as well as the relative yields of charged kaons, as a function of collision centrality and selected kinematic ranges. While the correlator νdyn[K+,K−] exhibits a scaling approximately in inverse proportion of the charged particle multiplicity, νdyn[K0 S ,K±] features a significant deviation from such scaling. Within uncertainties, the value of νdyn[K0 S ,K±] is independent of the selected transverse momentum interval, while it exhibits a pseudorapidity dependence. The results are compared with HIJING, AMPT and EPOS–LHC predictions, and are further discussed in the context of the possible production of disoriented chiral condensates in central Pb – Pb collisions.
Spleen injuries are among the most frequent trauma-related injuries. At present, they are classified according to the anatomy of the injury. The optimal treatment strategy, however, should keep into consideration the hemodynamic status, the anatomic derangement, and the associated injuries. The management of splenic trauma patients aims to restore the homeostasis and the normal physiopathology especially considering the modern tools for bleeding management. Thus, the management of splenic trauma should be ultimately multidisciplinary and based on the physiology of the patient, the anatomy of the injury, and the associated lesions. Lastly, as the management of adults and children must be different, children should always be treated in dedicated pediatric trauma centers. In fact, the vast majority of pediatric patients with blunt splenic trauma can be managed non-operatively. This paper presents the World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) classification of splenic trauma and the management guidelines.
Damage control resuscitation may lead to postoperative intra-abdominal hypertension or abdominal compartment syndrome. These conditions may result in a vicious, self-perpetuating cycle leading to severe physiologic derangements and multiorgan failure unless interrupted by abdominal (surgical or other) decompression. Further, in some clinical situations, the abdomen cannot be closed due to the visceral edema, the inability to control the compelling source of infection or the necessity to re-explore (as a “planned second-look” laparotomy) or complete previously initiated damage control procedures or in cases of abdominal wall disruption. The open abdomen in trauma and non-trauma patients has been proposed to be effective in preventing or treating deranged physiology in patients with severe injuries or critical illness when no other perceived options exist. Its use, however, remains controversial as it is resource consuming and represents a non-anatomic situation with the potential for severe adverse effects. Its use, therefore, should only be considered in patients who would most benefit from it. Abdominal fascia-to-fascia closure should be done as soon as the patient can physiologically tolerate it. All precautions to minimize complications should be implemented.
Acute calculus cholecystitis is a very common disease with several area of uncertainty. The World Society of Emergency Surgery developed extensive guidelines in order to cover grey areas. The diagnostic criteria, the antimicrobial therapy, the evaluation of associated common bile duct stones, the identification of “high risk” patients, the surgical timing, the type of surgery, and the alternatives to surgery are discussed. Moreover the algorithm is proposed: as soon as diagnosis is made and after the evaluation of choledocholitiasis risk, laparoscopic cholecystectomy should be offered to all patients exception of those with high risk of morbidity or mortality. These Guidelines must be considered as an adjunctive tool for decision but they are not substitute of the clinical judgement for the individual patient.
Schriftenschau
(2008)
Die Vegetationsverhältnisse der Hase, eines 174 km langen Nebenflusses der Ems, wurden im Sommer 1975 von der Quelle an auf einer Strecke von 93,3 km an 77 Probeabschnitten untersucht. Die Analysen konzentrierten sich dabei auf die Gefäßpflanzen des Wassers und der Böschungen in ihrer Abhängigkeit von den natürlichen und anthropogenen Standortsbedingungen. - Im Zusammenhang mit der Beschreibung der Pflanzengesellschaften werden die morphologische und ökologische Plastizität der vorkommenden Arten und die dadurch gegebenen Probleme für die syntaxonomische Zuordnung amphibischer Gesellschaften behandelt. Die Arten werden je nach dem Grad ihrer Polymorphie, ihrer Amphibie und ihres Standortoptimums in verschiedene Typen eingeteilt. - Von den zahlreichen Pflanzen.gesellschaften der Hase sind die wichtigsten: 1) als Hydrophytengesellschaft das Sparganio-Potametum pectinati Ass. nov. Als einzige in der Hase vorhandene gleichzeitig strömungs- und verschmutzungstolerante Gesellschaft ist sie vor allem im Mittellauf verbreitet. 2) Als Helophytengesellschaft begleitet das Sagittario-Sparganietum emersi TX. bis auf den quell nahen Oberlauf den Fluß zu beiden Seiten bis zur Mündung. 3) Als nur periodisch überflutete Epigeophytengesellschaft ist das Phalaridetum arundinaceae LIBB. parallel dazu an den Böschungen verbreitet. Ein Vergleich der Hydrophytenflora von der Quelle bis Quakenbrück zeigt nach einer arten armen quellnahen Strecke eine große Zunahme der Artenmannigfaltigkeit bis Osnabrück, dann ein starkes Absinken und später bis Quakenbrück wieder eine allmähliche Zunahme. Einige früher nachweislich auch unterhalb von Osnabrück verbreitete Arten haben sich heute nur noch im Oberlauf halten können. - Es wird gezeigt, daß zwischen der Diversität der Hydrophytenflora und den jeweiligen Saprobieverhältnissen eine enge Abhängigkeit besteht. Dabei werden die Ursachen für das Absterben der Arten diskutiert. Die vegetationskundlichen Befunde ergeben an den fünf Punkten, für die langfristige hydrobiologische und chemische Analysen aus dem Zeitraum 1966-69 vorliegen (NEUMANN 1975 u. a.) noch im Jahr 1975 eine vollständige Koinzidenz. Die Diversität der Hydrophytenvegetation erweist sich somit als deutlicher Indikator für die ökologische Beurteilung von Fließgewässern und erlaubt die Einordnung punktueller mikrobiologischer und chemischer Meßstationen in ein Gesamtgefüge, denn wegen der raschen Erkennbarkeit der Makrophyten und ihres Zeigerwerts für langfristig wirksame Bedingungen kann ein Fließgewässer an allen Punkten seiner gesamten Strecke leicht und ohne mehrfache Analysen ökologisch beurteilt werden. Der untersuchte Haselauf von der Quelle bis Quakenbrück ist auf dieser Grundlage in unterschiedliche Abschnitte mit verschiedener Gewässergüte zu gliedern, die oberhalb von Osnabrück zunächst die Klasse I, dann die Klasse II durchläuft. Diese reicht noch bis in die Stadt hinein, sinkt dann durch verschiedene Belastungen bis auf III ab und bessert sich erst allmählich wieder (etwa von der Dütemündung an) bis auf II, wobei hinter der Stadt Bramsche noch einmal eine vorübergehende Verschlechterung der Saprobieverhältnisse zu beobachten ist. Das 1975 erfaßte Floreninventar der Hase ist in einem abschließenden Verzeichnis mit 322 Gefäßpflanzen zusammengestellt.
Der Fischbestand der Hase. eines 174 km langen Nebenflusses der Ems, wird (im wesentlichen durch Umfrage bei den Fischereiberechtigten) für die insgesamt 93,2 km lange Strecke von der Quelle bis Quakenbrück ermittelt. Von den (mindestens) 28 ehemals vorhandenen einheimischen Arten sind 7 inzwischen verschollen oder nachweislich ausgestorben, fast ebenso viele sind nur noch in Restbeständen erhalten. Die Gründe für den Rückgang werden diskutiert. 5 Arten sind zusätzlich eingesetzt oder verwildert. Die fischereilich wichtigen Arten können sich heute im Fluß nicht ausreichend vermehren und werden planmäßig eingesetzt. Die Arten sind in charakteristischer Weise auf die natürlichen Flußregionen verteilt und spiegeln andererseits auch die unterschiedlichen Saprobieverhältnisse wider. Der noch um 1900 in der Hase und überhaupt im Raum Osnabrück häufige Flußkrebs ist heute anscheinend bis auf eine einzige. unter Schutz zu stellende Reliktpopulation an der oberen Wierau ausgestorben.
Zur Nomenklatur der Brombeeren in Norddeutschland (Gattung Rubus L. sect. Corylifolii, Rosaceae)
(1990)
Auf der Basis der Regeln des International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN) wird die Gültigkeit der Veröffentlichungen von Namen für Brombeeren der Sektion Corylifolii (Gattung Rubus L.) bei FRIDERICHSEN & GELERT (1887) und KRAUSE (1888, 1890) diskutiert. Hierbei wird deutlich, daß, wie bei der Anwendung von Gesetzesparagraphen auf konkrete Rechtsfälle, in bestimmten Fällen ein Ermessensspielraum gegeben ist, ob ein Name als gültig oder als nicht gültig veröffentlicht anzusehen ist.
Vier in Deutschland neu nachgewiesene Brombeerarten (Rubus L. Rosaceae), von denen zwei neu beschrieben sind, werden behandelt: (1) Rubus laetus Beek (Sect. Rubus subsect. Rubus), nachgewiesen im mittleren Westfalen; (2) R. discors Beek (Sect. Rubus ser. Sylvatici [P.J. Müller] Focke), im westlichen Niedersachsen und Westfalen; (3) R. hilsianus H. E. Weber spec. nov. (Sect. Rubus ser. Glandulosi Wimmer & Grab.), im südöstlichen Niedersachsen, in Hessen (Taunus) und im Saarland; (4) R. loosii H. E. Weber spec. nov. (Sect. Corylifolii Lindley ser. Subthyrsoidei Focke), stellenweise häufig im mittleren Westfalen. Die Arten sind detailliert beschrieben und durch Fotos von Herbarexemplaren abgebildet. Ihre Ökologie und Verbreitung sind behandelt.
Anlässlich des Jubiläums des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins Osnabrück und des heutigen Museums am Schölerberg werden deren Geschichte und Aufgaben dargestellt; es werden bedeutende Wissenschaftler, die hier tätig waren, kurz besprochen sowie die heutigen Arbeitsgemeinschaften des Vereins vorgestellt.
Rubus pottianus H. E. Weber wird als neue Brombeerart der Serie Pallidi W. C. R. Watson (Sektion Rubus) beschrieben. Ihr Verbreitungsgebiet umfasst Teile Nordhessens und Südniedersachsens. Die neue Art ist illustriert durch Fotos des Holotypus und der lebenden Pflanze am locus typicus. Ihre Verbreitung und Ökologie sind erläutert, und eine Liste von Herbarexemplaren ist beigefügt.
In Ergänzung zu früheren Veröffentlichungen (z. B. Pedersen & Weber 1993) wird eine aktualisierte Übersicht über die Brombeerflora (Rubus L. subgen. Rubus) von Niedersachsen und Bremen gegeben. Bis jetzt sind 169 Arten der Sektionen Rubus und Corylifolii in diesem Gebiet nachgewiesen. Davon gehören 117 zur Sektion Rubus und 52 zur Sektion Corylifolii. Fünf Arten der Sektion Rubus sind Gartenflüchtlinge und inzwischen völlig eingebürgert: Rubus allegheniensis, R. armeniacus, R. canadensis und R. laciniatus. Selten und zufällig eingeschleppt wurden Rubus bifrons und R. ulmifolius. Somit besteht die Brombeerflora in Niedersachsen und Bremen aus 162 einheimischen Arten, von denen 52 (= 32%) zur Sektion Corylifolii gehören.
Zwei Brombeerarten der Sektion Rubus ser. Glandulosi (Wimmer & Grabowski) Fokke werden neu beschrieben. Beide sind in Thüringen und Nordbayern verbreitet: Rubus exarmatus H. E. Weber & W. Jansen spec. nov. und Rubus perlongus H.E. Weber & W. Jansen spec. nov. Die Arten sind durch Fotos ihrer Holotypen abgebildet, ihre bekannte Verbreitung ist durch Rasterkarten dargestellt.
Limodorum abortivum (L.) Sw. (Orchidaceae) wurde 1932 auf dem Silberberg bei Natrup-Hagen (Landkreis Osnabrück) gefunden. Das Belegstück ging leider verloren, aber die Angabe stammt von dem zuverlässigen Pflanzenkenner Wilhelm Meyer (Direktor des Botanischen Gartens in Oldenburg), und das Exemplar wurde nach einer Zeitungsnotiz von Hunderten von Besuchern, darunter von zahlreichen Botanikern besichtigt. Der Silberberg ist der weitaus nördlichste Fundort dieser thermophilen Orchidee.
Der Beitrag behandelt die in Europa nachgewiesenen Zwergformen der Gattung Rubus L. Sechzehn Arten (alle nur Sekt. Rubus) bilden solche offensichtlich genetisch fixierten Abwandlungen aus, die als Varietäten der betreffenden Arten eingestuft werden. Neu beschrieben werden R. marssonianus H. E. WEBER var. pusillus H. E. WEBER, R. muenteri T. MARSS. var. pusillus H. E. WEBER und R. senticosus KÖHLER ex WEIHE var. pusillus H. E. WEBER & KIESEWETTER. Einen status novus erhalten R. gracilis J. & C. PRESL var. parvulus (HÜLSEN) H. E. WEBER, R. pyramidalis KALT. var. parvifolius (K. FRID. & GELERT) H. E. WEBER und R. silvaticus WEIHE & NEES var. microphyllus (K. FRID. ex ERICHSEN) H. E. WEBER. – Zwergformen sind meist etwa nur halb so groß wie die Normalform und weisen weitere charakteristische Merkmale auf. Ihre Häufigkeit nimmt von Norden nach Süden ab. Die meisten Zwergformen wachsen in Dänemark (13), es folgen Norddeutschland (9) und Mitteleuropa bis zur Donau (4). Weiter südlich und in Südeuropa fehlen sie. Von den Britischen Inseln sind vier Zwergformen bekannt.
Das bislang kaum dokumentierte, im nordwestdeutschen Tiefland sehr häufige Rubetum grati Tx. & NEUM.ex WEBER 76 ist in einer Tabelle mit Aufnahmen aus dem westlichen und mittleren Niedersachsen dargestellt. Die Assoziation ist kennzeichnend für die ärmsten Standorte im potentiell natürlichen Wuchsbereich des Querco-Betuletum molinietosum. Rubus silvaticus und die übrigen Arten des Rubenion silvatici fehlen hier vollständig. Als zweites sind Besenginstergebüsche (Rubo plicati-Sarothamnetum ass. nov., Rubion plicati) behandelt. Sarothamnus scoparius wurde früher meist zu den Borstgras- und Heidegesellschaften gestell
t. Dieser Auffassung liegen Nardo-Callunetea-Gesellschaften zugrunde, die mit einzelnen Besenginsterexemplaren durchsetzt sind, ähnlich wie auch Birken sich zunächst in Einzelexemplaren auf solchen Standorten ansiedeln. Auch das Cytiso-Callunetum Malc. 29 (Calluno- Sarothamnetum auct.) beruht nach den Originalaufnahmen ebenso wie der hierdurch typisierte Verband Sarothamnion auf der Vermengung zweier Gesellschaften (meist Sarothamno-Calluno-Sigmetum). Der Besenginster ist jedoch nicht Kennart von Rasen- und Zwergstrauchgesellschaften, sondern von Gebüschen, wie sie hier in einer Tabelle mit Aufnahmen aus dem nordwestdeutschen Tiefland dargestellt sind. Die im Tiefland vorhandene Ausbildung quercetosum roboris subass. nov. wird der im Bergland verbreiteten Form teucrietosum scorodoniae subass. nov. gegenübergestellt. Schließlich ist eine Rubus armeniacus-Gesellschaft beschrieben. Sie wird von der im vorigen Jahrhundert nach Mitteleuropa eingeführten Gartenbrombeere Rubus armeniacus gebildet, die auf Ruderalstandorten häufig verwildert ist und ausgedehnte Gebüsche bildet.
Mimulus moschatus wurde vor etwa 160 Jahren von Nordamerika nach Europa importiert und als Zierpflanze kultiviert. Verwilderungen sind seit mindestens 1872 bekannt. Für Niedersachsen liegen sieben Nachweise vor, von denen zwei unsichere Angaben zum Fundort oder Status enthalten. In drei Fällen konnte eine jahrelange Einbürgerung nachgewiesen werden (einmal über mindestens 17 Jahre). Damit hat die Art in Niedersachsen den Status eines „eingebürgerten Neophyten". Das Fehlen des früher intensiven Moschusgeruchs der Pflanzen wird diskutiert. Unterscheidungsmerkmale zu dem in Niedersachsen wesentlich häufigeren Mimulus guttatus werden herausgestellt. Die Soziologie von Mimulus moschatus ist in einer Vegetationstabelle veranschaulicht. Die Art ist auf Calthion-Standorten (besonders im Crepido-Juncetum acutiflori) eingebürgert und verhält sich somit anders als Mimulus guttatus, der in Niedersachsen vorzugsweise in Chenopodion fluviatilis- und Rumici-Phalaridion-Gesellschaften vorkommt.
Es wird ein Schlüssel zur nomenklatorischen Überprüfung der Namen von Syntaxa als Hilfe geliefert, um die oft komplizierten Regeln des Codes der pflanzensoziologischen Nomenklatur korrekt und konsequent anzuwenden. Außerdem werden Vorschläge zur Verbesserung des Codes unterbreitet. Im Interesse der nomenklatorischen Stabilität wird dafür plädiert, für bestimmte Syntaxa allgemein eingebürgerte, aber nach den Regeln zu verwerfende Namen als nomina conservanda beibehalten zu können, sowie die "Assoziationen" der skandinavischen Schule grundsätzlich nicht in das heutige syntaxonomische System zu überführen. Auf die Gefahr der immer noch zu beobachtenden Publikation von überflüssigen Namen (nomina superflua) ist besonders hingewiesen.
Entsprechend dem von ELLENBERG (1974) entwickelten Verfahren werden Zeigerwerte für Rubus-Arten in Mitteleuropa angegeben. Sie basieren auf pflanzensoziologischen und arealgeographischen Untersuchungen. Die Daten müssen zum Teil durch weitere Untersuchungen noch ergänzt und verbessert werden. Einige ökologische und soziologische Besonderheiten der Gattung Rubus sind diskutiert.
Senecio inaequidens De., ein in Natal und Transvaal beheimateter, sich im westlichen Europa zunehmend ausbreitender Neophyt, ist seit 1985 auch bei Osnabrück nachgewiesen. Die pflanzensoziologische Situation des 1986 noch vorhandenen Standorts in einem fragmentarischen Echino-Melilotatum Tx. 42 bei Bramsche-Achmer ist durch eine Vegetationstabelle veranschaulicht.
Buchbesprechungen
(1979)
Rubus ferocior WEBER 1977 (= R. ferox WEIHE non VEST) und Rubus placidus WEBER nov. spec. (= R. milliformis var. roseus FRID. & GELERT) werden als weitverbreitete zentraleuropäische Arten der Rubi sect. Corylifolii erstmals genauer beschrieben und in typischen Exemplaren (specimina normalia) abgebildet. Die zum Teil verwickelte Nomenklatur wird ausführlich diskutiert. Die Verbreitung ist durch eine Auflistung von Fundorten und in Rasterkarten angegeben. Durch einen Bestimmungsschlüssel, der auch die nächstverwandten Taxa enthält, soll einer Verwechslung mit ähnlichen Arten vorgebeugt werden.
Drei Arten der Rubi sect. Corylifolii sind behandelt. Rubus hadroacanthos G. Br., eine bislang unbeachtete Art, ist erstmals detailliert beschrieben. Sie ist stellenweise häufig verbreitet in NW-Deutschland (vom Harz bis ins westliche Westfalen). R. tuberculatiformis Weber nov. spec. wächst ziemlich häufig in Teilen von SW-Niedersachsen und NO-Westfalen. R. parahebecarpus Weber nov. spec. (= R. hebecarpus ssu. auct. div. p.p. non P. J. M.) ist bislang nachgewiesen im unteren Rheingebiet (Bergisches Land bis Aachen und Kleve) und in den südlichen Niederlanden. Die Arten sind durch Photos abgebildet, und ihre Verbreitung ist durch Fundortslisten und Rasterkarten dargestellt.
Im Zusammenhang mit einer Revision der Rubus-Flora von Mitteleuropa werden fünf neue Rubus-Arten beschrieben: Rubus hastiferus H. E. WEBER(sect. Rubus ser. Micantes), R. hirsutior FITSCHEN ex H. E. WEBER(= R. pallidus subsp. hirsutior FITSCHEN 1914, nom. prov.- Sect. Rubus ssr. Radulae), R. contractipes H. E. WEBER,R. rhytidophyllus H. E. WEBER(beide sect. Corylifolii ser. Subsilvatici) sowie R. visurgianus H. E. WEBER(sect. Corylifolii sero Subcanescentes). Die Arten sind gebietsweise häufig in Niedersachsen und kommen teilweise auch in Westfalen und Hessen vor.
Drei neue Rubus-Arten (sect. Corylifolii) des nordwestlichen Mitteleuropas werden beschrieben: Rubus calvus, nachgewiesen von der Niedereibe bis zum Niederrhein und in den Niederlanden, R. calviformis, gefunden in Westfalen und dem benachbarten Niedersachsen, und R. incisior, der früher als eine Form von R. orthostachys G. BRAUN betrachtet wurde, als streckenweise häufige Art in Westfalen, den Niederlanden und Belgien. Photographien der Holotypen, Raster-Verbreitungskarten und ein Bestimmungsschlüssel zu diesen und ähnlichen Arten sind beigefügt. Zusätzlich ist eine Kombination publiziert: R. pruinosus f. heteracanthus (FRID.) H. E. WEBER (= R. pruinosus f. warmingii).
Der früher in oligotrophen Heidegewässern verbreitete, heute vom Aussterben bedrohte Reinweiße Wasserhahnenfuß ist heute noch von vier Fundpunkten in Mitteleuropa bekannt. Die einstige und heutige, sich westlich der Linie Hamburg - Osnabrück - Krefeld erstreckende Verbreitung ist in einer Liste aller bekannten Fundorte mit Meßtischblatt-Rasterangaben wiedergegeben. Die Situation in Niedersachen und im benachbarten Westfalen ist zusätzlich in einer Karte dargestellt. Ranunculus ololeucos bildet in nährstoffarmen Klarwasserbereichen eine der Ufervegetation vorgelagerte eigene Schwimmblatt-Gesellschaft. Diese ist hier auf der Grundlage von Aufnahmen aus Niedersachsen und Westfalen als eine zum Verband Hydrocolylo- Baldellion (Klasse Littorelletea) gehörende Assoziation Ranunculetum ololeuci ass. nov. beschrieben.
Die früher im Osnabrücker Raum fehlende Erzengelwurz (Angelica archangelica L.) hat sich im Zuge einer allgemeinen Ausbreitung in den letzten beiden Jahrzehnten am Mittelland- und Stich kanal angesiedelt. Sie tritt hier in der ssp. archangelica auf. Das am noch unverbauten Westufer des Stichkanals zwischen Osnabrück und Pente besonders reichlich entwikkelte Calystegio-Archangelietum PASS. 64 ist durch eine Vegetationstabelle dokumentiert. Die Ufer der parallel zum Kanal verlaufenden Hase werden von der Art nicht besiedelt.
Am 16. Mai 1980 verstarb in Rinteln-Todenmann das Ehrenmitglied des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins Osnabrück, Prof. Dr. Drs. h.c. REINHOLD TÜXEN, wenige Tage vor der Vollendung seines 81. Lebensjahres. Mit ihm verliert ein ganzer Wissenschaftszweig einen seiner wichtigsten Begründer und Bahnbrecher. Ohne REINHOLD TÜXEN wäre die Pflanzensoziologie in der Art, wie sie heute weltweit als Forschungsrichtung praktiziert wird, nicht denkbar.
Rubus ehrnsbergeri H. E. Weber spec. nov. wird als neue Art der Sektion Corylifolii Lindley serie Suberectigeni H. E. Weber beschrieben. Ihr bislang bekanntes Verbreitungsgebiet umfasst die Gegend um Mennighüffen (in Westfalen gelegenes Gebiet, in dem K. E. A.Weihe in der ersten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts die Brombeerforschung in Europa begründete) und erstreckt sich bis östlich von Stadthagen in Niedersachsen. Fotos (auch des Holotypus) und eine Liste der Herbarbelege sind beigefügt.
Rubus wittigianus spec. nov., eine sich ausbreitende Brombeerart in Westfalen und bei Osnabrück
(2002)
Rubus wittigianus H. E.Weber spec. nov. wird als neue Art der Sektion Rubus serie Sylvatici (P. J. Müller) Focke beschrieben. Ihr bislang bekanntes Verbreitungsgebiet erstreckt sich von Wellendorf (Landkreis Osnabrück) durch Westfalen bis Bad Lippspringe.Die Art ist durch Fotos (auch des Holotypus) abgebildet, und eine Liste der bisherigen Fundorte ist beigefügt.
Vier neue Rubus-Arten sind beschrieben: (1) Rubus immodicus A. SCHUMACHER ex H. E. WEBER (sect. Rubus ser. Sylvatici), bislang bekannt aus dem Rheinland und aus Belgien, (2) Rubus pseudargenteus H. E. WEBER (sect. Rubus ser. Discolores, = R. argenteus sensu SUDRE pro parte, non WEIHE & NEES nec GMELIN), nachgewiesen in Westdeutschland (Rheinland), (3) Rubus norvegicus H. E. WEBER & A. PEDERSEN (sect. Corylifolii ser. Sepincoli, = R. rosanthus var. leiocarpus LINDEBERG, R. mortensenii auct. div., non E. H. L. KRAUSE quoad typum), häufig in Südnorwegen, außerdem in Schweden (Bohuslän) und zerstreut in Dänemark, (4) Rubus martensenii H. E. WEBER (sect. Corylifolii ser. Sepincoli), gefunden in Dänemark und in Nordwestdeutschland (besonders in Schleswiq-Hotstein). Die Arten sind abgebildet, und exemplarische Herbarbelege sind angegeben. Als Nachtrag zu SCHOLZ & WEBER (1990) ist außerdem die Nomenklatur einiger von E. H. L. KRAUSE (1888, 1890) benannter Arten der Sektion Corylifolii behandelt.
Drei neue Rubus-Arten (Haselblattbrombeeren) der Sektion werden beschrieben: Rubus tilioides W. JANSEN & H.E. WEBER mit Vorkommen vor allem in Thüringen, außerdem in Sachsen und Sachsen-Anhalt; R. anhaltianus H.E. WEBER (mittleres bis südwestliches Sachsen-Anhalt, angrenzendes Thüringen) und R. orbifrons H. E. WEBER (südwestliches Sachsen-Anhalt, ein Nachweis auch im angrenzenden Thüringen). Neu für Sachsen-Anhalt nachgewiesen wurde Rubus xiphophorus H. E. WEBER. Außerdem wurden weitere Fundorte für Rubus wahlbergii ARRH. bei Bergwitz und Helbra in Sachsen-Anhalt ermittelt. Die neuen Arten sind illustriert durch Fotos ihrer Holotypen und von lebenden Pflanzen im Gelände. Ihre Verbreitung wird durch Auflistung von Herbarbelegen und durch Rasterkarten mitgeteilt.
Zwei Rubus-Arten werden erstmals beschrieben: Rubus amisiensis Weber (Ems-Brombeere, zur Ser. Silvatici F. gehörig), der im Emsland, in der Grafschaft Bentheim und in den Niederlanden verbreitet ist. Die zweite Art, Rubus conothyrsoides Weber, wächst vor allem im Hügelland im Raum zwischen Bielefeld und Lingen und ist hier streckenweise eine der häufigsten Arten. Sie gehört zu der hier neu aufgestellten Serie Anisacanthi Weber, die sich durch eine große Variabilität der Bestachelung und des Drüsenbesatzes auf dem Schößling auszeichnet. Die Holotypen der Arten sind abgebildet, die Verbreitung ist in Rasterkarten dargestellt.
Die Vegetationsverhältnisse des Lechtegors, eines meso- bis schwach eutrophen Sees 7 km südlich von Haselünne im Landkreis Lingen, werden behandelt. Der einstmals natürliche Zustand ist nach Flurbereinigungsmaßnahmen seit etwa 10 Jahren in starker Umwandlung begriffen: Durch Absenkung des Grundwassers sind der nasse Bruchwald und Weidengürtel sowie Teile des Röhrichts trockengefallen. Nach Ausbau eines in den See geleiteten Vorfluters trat eine zunehmende Hypertrophierung ein, die inzwischen zur Bildung einer mächtigen Faulschlammschicht geführt hat, durch die die freie Wassertiefe von einst wohl fast 20 m auf nur 2 bis 2,5 m eingeengt wurde. Einige Pflanzen und Pflanzengesellschaften sind infolge dieser Entwicklung ausgestorben, bei anderen haben sich charakteristische Umwandlungen ergeben, die im einzelnen dargestellt werden. Insgesamt zeigt das Lechtegor eine klar gegliederte Verlandungsserie über Schwimmblattgesellschaften (Potameto-Nupharetum), Schilfröhricht (Phragmitetum), Großseggenrieder (vor allem Caricetum acutiformis), Weidengürtel (Salicetum pentandro-cinereae) und Erlenbruch (Carici elongatae-Alnetum), der den Anschluß an die umgebende potentiell natürliche Querco-Betuletum-Landschaft bildet. - Vorschläge zur Sanierung und zum Naturschutz des auch in faunistischer Sicht erhaltungswürdigen Sees werden diskutiert.
Mit der dritten Auflage des Internationalen Code der Pflanzensoziologischen Nomenklatur wurde ein spezielles Komitee etabliert, um eine Entscheidung der Nomenklaturkommission über eingereichte Vorschläge für nomina ambigua, nomina inversa, nomina mutata und nomina conservanda zu erleichtern und zu beschleunigen. Wir legen hier den ersten Report dieses Komitees vor. Im ersten Teil der Arbeit wird ein kurzer Überblick über die Hauptprobleme mit jeder einzelnen dieser vier Kategorien gegeben. Im zweiten Teil werden 19 Vorschläge diskutiert und eine Empfehlung gegeben, ob der Vorschlag akzeptiert oder abgelehnt werden sollte. Autoren, die einen Vorschlag an die Nomenklaturkommission senden möchten, werden gebeten, diesen Report als Richtlinie zu nutzen.
Rubus curvaciculatus Waisemann ex H. E. Weber (Subgenus Rubus Sect. Corylifolii Lindley Ser. Sepincola Weihe ex Focke) ist als neue Art beschrieben und abgebildet. Ihre Verbreitung in Dänemark, Deutschland, Tschechien und Polen ist angegeben. Rubus dethardingii E. H. L. Krause ist als sehr ähnliche Art mit seinen abweichenden Merkmalen behandelt. Rubus praecox Bertol., eine im südlichen Mitteleuropa und in Südeuropa weitverbreitete Brombeere, hat seine nördlichsten Fundorte in der Stadt Osnabrück (Dodesheide) und im angrenzenden Landkreis Osnabrück bei Rulle und Icker und wurde neuerdings eingeschleppt nach Achterberg im Kreis Grafschaft Bentheim.
Der ehemals in Altenhausen bei Erxleben lebende Gustav MAASS (1830-1901), „Societäts-Sekretär“ und „Bureauvorsteher bei der Generaldirection der Magdeburgischen Land-Feuersozietät“, hat sich, wie im Verbreitungsatlas der Brombeeren Sachsen-Anhalts (PEDERSEN et al. 1999) näher ausgeführt ist, intensiv mit der Flora seines Wohngebietes befaßt und war bislang überhaupt der einzige Botaniker in Sachsen-Anhalt, der sich auch mit der Gattung Rubus beschäftigte.
Er beschrieb hierbei auch die neue Brombeerart Rubus glaucovirens (Blaugrüne Brombeere), deren Verbreitung in Sachsen-Anhalt in dem oben genannten Atlas im Viertelquadranten-Raster der TK 25 dargestellt ist. Bislang fehlt von dieser Art jedoch immer noch eine moderne Standardbeschreibung und eine Abbildung, die hier geliefert werden sollen, um die Bestimmung der leicht zu erkennenden Sippe zu ermöglichen. Außerdem sollen hier auch die Nomenklatur und die Gesamtverbreitung behandelt werden.
Die Beschreibung bezieht sich auf das bei Brombeeren übliche Standardmaterial (siehe z. B. WEBER 1995). Verbreitungsangaben beruhen auf den Ergebnissen der Kartierung von PEDERSEN et al. (1999) sowie auf anderen Beobachtungen und auf Exemplaren in europäischen Herbarien, die hier mit ihren international üblichen Akronymen (siehe HOLMGREN et al. 1990) angegeben sind. Das Herbarium des Verfassers ist mit We abgekürzt. Die früher in HAN (Universität Hannover) gesehenen Belege befinden sich jetzt in HBG (Hamburg), die Belege aus BHU (Herbarium des Museums für Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universität Berlin) jetzt in B (Herbarium des Botanischen Museums in Berlin-Dahlem). Die Fundorte sind, soweit möglich der TK 25 und dem Quadranten- oder Viertelquadrantenraster zugeordnet. Abbildung 2 wurde mit dem Programm FLOREIN (W. SUBAL 1997) erstellt.
Drei neue Rubus-Taxa sind beschrieben: Rubus montanus f. macromontanus H. E. WEBER forma nova (nachgewiesen in Frankreich, Österreich, Böhmen, Mähren, DDR und in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland), Rubus schnedleri H. E. WEBER (sect. Rubus ser, Pallidi, in Hessen und den benachbarten Bereichen von Bayern, Rheinland-Pfalz und Württemberg) sowie Rubus xiphophorus H. E. WEBER (sect. Corylifolii ser, Vestitiusculi, verbreitet im südöstlichen Niedersachsen). Die neuen Taxa sind abgebildet, und ihre Verbreitung ist durch Karten und mit Zitierung von Herbarbelegen dargestellt.
Zwei von Rudolf Bauer künstlich erzeugte Hybriden werden als neue Nothospecies beschrieben: Ribes x nidigrolaria Rudolf & Annelise Bauer (=[R. nigrum x divaricatum] x [R. nigrum x uva-cripa]) and Fragaria x vescana Rudolf & Annelise Bauer (= [Fragaria vesca f. semperflorens x F. x ananassa] x F. x ananassa). Diese wirtschaftlich wichtigen Kulturarten sind bereits allgemein bekannt als „Jostabeere“ (cv. „Josta“) und als Vescana mit den Kultursorten „Spadeka“ und „Florika“. Die Hybridarten sind taxonomisch beschrieben, ihre Holotypen sind abgebildet, außerdem werden Einzelheiten zur Entstehung, zu den Eigenschaften und zur Kultur mitgeteilt.
Als Nachtrag zur "Flora von Südwest-Niedersachsen und dem benachbarten Westfalen" (Weber 1995) werden neuere Fundorte bemerkenswerter Farn- und Blütenpflanzen mitgeteilt. Dipsacus pilosus (L.) Swartz, Filago arvensis L., Leersia oryzoides L. und Schoenoplectus pungens (Vahl)Palla, die im Gebiet längere Zeit verschollen waren, wurden an vorher meist unbekannten Wuchsorten entdeckt. Erstmals nachgewiesen wurden Hieracium flagel/are Willd. und Senecio sarracenicus.
Background: The German Consortium for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer (GC-HBOC) has established a multigene panel (TruRisk®) for the analysis of risk genes for familial breast and ovarian cancer. Summary: An interdisciplinary team of experts from the GC-HBOC has evaluated the available data on risk modification in the presence of pathogenic mutations in these genes based on a structured literature search and through a formal consensus process. Key Messages: The goal of this work is to better assess individual disease risk and, on this basis, to derive clinical recommendations for patient counseling and care at the centers of the GC-HBOC from the initial consultation prior to genetic testing to the use of individual risk-adapted preventive/therapeutic measures.
Background: The focus of this study is to identify particular microRNA (miRNA) signatures in exosomes derived from plasma of 435 human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive and triple-negative (TN) subtypes of breast cancer (BC).
Methods: First, miRNA expression profiles were determined in exosomes derived from the plasma of 15 TNBC patients before neoadjuvant therapy using a quantitative TaqMan real-time PCR-based microRNA array card containing 384 different miRNAs. Forty-five miRNAs associated with different clinical parameters were then selected and mounted on microRNA array cards that served for the quantification of exosomal miRNAs in 435 BC patients before therapy and 20 healthy women. Confocal microscopy, Western blot, and ELISA were used for exosome characterization.
Results: Quantification of 45 exosomal miRNAs showed that compared with healthy women, 10 miRNAs in the entire cohort of BC patients, 13 in the subgroup of 211 HER2-positive BC, and 17 in the subgroup of 224 TNBC were significantly deregulated. Plasma levels of 18 exosomal miRNAs differed between HER2-positive and TNBC subtypes, and 9 miRNAs of them also differed from healthy women. Exosomal miRNAs were significantly associated with the clinicopathological and risk factors. In uni- and multivariate models, miR-155 (p = 0.002, p = 0.003, respectively) and miR-301 (p = 0.002, p = 0.001, respectively) best predicted pathological complete response (pCR).
Conclusion: Our findings show a network of deregulated exosomal miRNAs with specific expression patterns in exosomes of HER2-positive and TNBC patients that are also associated with clinicopathological parameters and pCR within each BC subtype.
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a lethal cancer with poor prognosis associated with high invasiveness and poor response to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. New therapeutic approaches are urgently needed in order to improve survival and response rates of GBC patients. We screened 130 small molecule inhibitors on a panel of seven GBC cell lines and identified the HSP90 inhibitor 17-AAG as one of the most potent inhibitory drugs across the different lines. We tested the antitumor efficacy of 17-AAG and geldanamycin (GA) in vitro and in a subcutaneous preclinical tumor model NOD-SCID mice. We also evaluated the expression of HSP90 by immunohistochemistry in human GBC tumors.
In vitro assays showed that 17-AAG and GA significantly reduced the expression of HSP90 target proteins, including EGFR, AKT, phospho-AKT, Cyclin B1, phospho-ERK and Cyclin D1. These molecular changes were consistent with reduced cell viability and cell migration and promotion of G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis observed in our in vitro studies.
In vivo, 17-AAG showed efficacy in reducing subcutaneous tumors size, exhibiting a 69.6% reduction in tumor size in the treatment group compared to control mice (p < 0.05).
The HSP90 immunohistochemical staining was seen in 182/209 cases of GBC (87%) and it was strongly expressed in 70 cases (33%), moderately in 58 cases (28%), and weakly in 54 cases (26%).
Our pre-clinical observations strongly suggest that the inhibition of HSP90 function by HSP90 inhibitors is a promising therapeutic strategy for gallbladder cancer that may benefit from new HSP90 inhibitors currently in development.
The transcription factor p63 is expressed as at least six different isoforms, of which two have been assigned critical biological roles within ectodermal development and skin stem cell biology on the one hand and supervision of the genetic stability of oocytes on the other hand. These two isoforms contain a C-terminal inhibitory domain that negatively regulates their transcriptional activity. This inhibitory domain contains two individual components: one that uses an internal binding mechanism to interact with and mask the transactivation domain and one that is based on sumoylation. We have carried out an extensive alanine scanning study to identify critical regions within the inhibitory domain. These experiments show that a stretch of ~13 amino acids is crucial for the binding function. Further, investigation of transcriptional activity and the intracellular level of mutants that cannot be sumoylated suggests that sumoylation reduces the concentration of p63. We therefore propose that the inhibitory function of the C-terminal domain is in part due to direct inhibition of the transcriptional activity of the protein and in part due to indirect inhibition by controlling the concentration of p63. Keywords: p63, transcriptional regulation, auto-inhibition, sumoylation
Femtoscopic correlations with the particle pair combinations K0 SK0 S and K0 SK± are studied in pp collisions at √s = 5.02 and 13 TeV by the ALICE experiment. At both energies, boson source parameters are extracted for both pair combinations, by fitting models based on Gaussian size distributions of the sources, to the measured two-particle correlation functions. The interaction model used for the K0 SK0 S analysis includes quantum statistics and strong final-state interactions through the f0(980) and a0(980) resonances. The model used for the K0 SK± analysis includes only the final-state interaction through the a0 resonance. Source parameters extracted in the present work are compared with published values from pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV and the different pair combinations are found to be consistent. From the observation that the strength of the K0 SK0 S correlations is significantly greater than the strength of the K0 SK± correlations, the new results are compatible with the a0 resonance being a tetraquark state of the form (q1, q2, s, s), where q1 and q2 are u or d quarks.
First measurements of balance functions (BFs) of all combinations of identified charged hadron (π,K, p) pairs in Pb–Pb collisions at √sNN = 2.76 TeV recorded by the ALICE detector are presented. The BF measurements are carried out as two-dimensional differential correlators versus the relative rapidity (Δy) and azimuthal angle (Δφ) of hadron pairs, and studied as a function of collision centrality. The Δφ dependence of BFs is expected to be sensitive to the light quark diffusivity in the quark–gluon plasma. While the BF azimuthal widths of all pairs substantially decrease from peripheral to central collisions, the longitudinal widths exhibit mixed behaviors: BFs of ππ and cross-species pairs narrow significantly in more central collisions, whereas those of KK and pp are found to be independent of collision centrality. This dichotomy is qualitatively consistent with the presence of strong radial flow effects and the existence of two stages of quark production in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Finally, the first measurements of the collision centrality evolution of BF integrals are presented, with the observation that charge balancing fractions are nearly independent of collision centrality in Pb–Pb collisions. Overall, the results presented provide new and challenging constraints for theoretical models of hadron production and transport in relativistic heavy-ion collisions.
Annihilation dynamics plays a fundamental role in the baryon–antibaryon interaction (B–B) at lowenergy and its strength and range are crucial in the assessment of possible baryonic bound states. Experimental data on annihilation cross sections are available for the p–p system but not in the low relative momentum region. Data regarding the B–B interaction with strange degrees of freedom are extremely scarce, hence the modeling of the annihilation contributions is mainly based on nucleon–antinucleon (N–N) results, when available. In this letter we present a measurement of the p–p, p–⊕p– and – interaction using correlation functions in the relative momentum space in high-multiplicity triggered pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV recorded by ALICE at the LHC. In the p–p system the couplings to the mesonic channels in different partial waves are extracted by adopting a coupled-channel approach with recent χEFT potentials. The inclusion of these inelastic channels provides good agreement with the data, showing a significant presence of the annihilation term down to zero momentum. Predictions obtained using the Lednický–Lyuboshits formula and scattering parameters obtained from heavy-ion collisions, hence mainly sensitive to elastic processes, are compared with the experimental p–⊕p– and – correlations. The model describes the – data and underestimates the p–⊕p– data in the region of momenta below 200 MeV/c. The observed deviation indicates a different contribution of annihilation channels to the two systems containing strange hadrons.
The first results on K∗(892)± resonance production in inelastic pp collisions at LHC energies of √s = 5.02, 8, and 13 TeV are presented. The K∗(892)± has been reconstructed via its hadronic decay channel K∗(892)± → K0 S + π± with the ALICE detector. Measurements of transverse momentum distributions, pT-integrated yields, and mean transverse momenta for charged K∗(892) are found to be consistent with previous ALICE measurements for neutral K∗(892) within uncertainties. For pT > 1 GeV/c the K∗(892)± transverse momentum spectra become harder with increasing centre-of-mass energy from 5.02 to 13 TeV, similar to what previously observed for charged kaons and pions. For pT < 1 GeV/c the K∗(892)± yield does not evolve significantly and the abundance of K∗(892)± relative to K is rather independent of the collision energy. The transverse momentum spectra, measured for K∗(892)± at midrapidity in the interval 0 < pT < 15 GeV/c, are not well described by predictions of different versions of PYTHIA 6, PYTHIA 8 and EPOS-LHC event generators. These generators reproduce the measured pTintegrated K∗±/K ratios and describe well the momentum dependence for pT < 2 GeV/c.
Neutral pion (π0) and η meson production cross sections were measured up to unprecedentedly high transverse momenta (pT) in p–Pb collisions at √sNN = 8.16 TeV. The mesons were reconstructed via their two-photon decay channel in the rapidity interval −1.3 < y < 0.3 in the ranges of 0.4 < pT < 200 GeV/c and 1.0 < pT < 50 GeV/c, respectively. The respective nuclear modification factor (RpPb) is presented for pT up to of 200 and 30 GeV/c, where the former was achieved by extending the π0 measurement in pp collisions at √s = 8 TeV using the merged cluster technique. The values of RpPb are below unity for pT < 10 GeV/c, while they are consistent with unity for pT > 10 GeV/c, leaving essentially no room for final state energy loss. The new data provide strong constraints for nuclear parton distribution and fragmentation functions over a broad kinematic range and are compared to model predictions as well as previous results at √sNN = 5.02 TeV.
An ever-increasing demand for novel antimicrobials to treat life-threatening infections caused by the global spread of multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens stands in stark contrast to the current level of investment in their development, particularly in the fields of natural-product-derived and synthetic small molecules. New agents displaying innovative chemistry and modes of action are desperately needed worldwide to tackle the public health menace posed by antimicrobial resistance. Here, our consortium presents a strategic blueprint to substantially improve our ability to discover and develop new antibiotics. We propose both short-term and long-term solutions to overcome the most urgent limitations in the various sectors of research and funding, aiming to bridge the gap between academic, industrial and political stakeholders, and to unite interdisciplinary expertise in order to efficiently fuel the translational pipeline for the benefit of future generations.
The production yield and angular anisotropy of prompt D+ s mesons were measured as a function of transverse momentum (pT) in Pb–Pb collisions at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair √sNN = 5.02 TeV collected with the ALICE detector at the LHC. D+ s mesons and their charge conjugates were reconstructed at midrapidity (|y| < 0.5) from their hadronic decay channel D+ s → φπ+, with φ → K−K+, in the pT intervals 2 < pT < 50 GeV/c and 2 < pT < 36 GeV/c for the 0–10% and 30–50% centrality intervals. For pT > 10 GeV/c, the measured D+ s -meson nuclear modification factor RAA is consistent with the one of non-strange D mesons within uncertainties, while at lower pT a hint for a D+ s -meson RAA larger than that of non-strange D mesons is seen. The enhanced production of D+ s relative to nonstrange D mesons is also studied by comparing the pT-dependent D+ s /D0 production yield ratios in Pb–Pb and in pp collisions. The ratio measured in Pb–Pb collisions is found to be on average higher than that in pp collisions in the interval 2 < pT < 8 GeV/c with a significance of 2.3σ and 2.4σ for the 0–10% and 30–50% centrality intervals. The azimuthal anisotropy coefficient v2 of prompt D+ s mesons was measured in Pb–Pb collisions in the 30–50% centrality interval and is found to be compatible with that of non-strange D mesons. The main features of the measured RAA, D+ s /D0 ratio, and v2 as a function of pT are described by theoretical calculations of charm-quark transport in a hydrodynamically expanding quark–gluon plasma including hadronisation via charm-quark recombination with light quarks from the medium. The pT-integrated production yield of D+s mesons is compatible with the prediction of the statistical hadronisation model.
Correlations between mean transverse momentum [pT] and anisotropic flow coefficients v2 or v3 are measured as a function of centrality in Pb–Pb and Xe–Xe collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV and 5.44 TeV, respectively, with ALICE. In addition, the recently proposed higher-order correlation between [pT], v2, and v3 is measured for the first time, which shows an anticorrelation for the presented centrality ranges. These measurements are compared with hydrodynamic calculations using IP-Glasma and TRENTo initialstate shapes, the former based on the Color Glass Condensate effective theory with gluon saturation, and the latter a parameterized model with nucleons as the relevant degrees of freedom. The data are better described by the IP-Glasma rather than the TRENTo based calculations. In particular, Trajectum and JETSCAPE predictions, both based on the TRENTo initial state model but with different parameter settings, fail to describe the measurements. As the correlations between [pT] and vn are mainly driven by the correlations of the size and the shape of the system in the initial state, these new studies pave a novel way to characterize the initial state and help pin down the uncertainty of the extracted properties of the quark–gluon plasma recreated in relativistic heavy-ion collisions.
The interaction of Λ and Σ hyperons (Y) with nucleons (N) is strongly influenced by the coupled-channel dynamics. Due to the small mass difference of the NΛ and NΣ systems, the sizable coupling strength of the NΣ ↔ NΛ processes constitutes a crucial element in the determination of the NΛ interaction. In this letter we present the most precise measurements on the interaction of p pairs, from zero relative momentum up to the opening of the NΣ channel. The correlation function in the relative momentum space for p ⊕ p pairs measured in high-multiplicity triggered pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV at the LHC is reported. The opening of the inelastic NΣ channels is visible in the extracted correlation function as a cusp-like structure occurring at relative momentum k∗ = 289 MeV/c. This represents the first direct experimental observation of the NΣ ↔ NΛ coupled channel in the p system. The correlation function is compared with recent chiral effective field theory calculations, based on different strengths of the NΣ ↔ NΛ transition potential. A weaker coupling, as possibly supported by the present measurement, would require a more repulsive three-body NNΛ interaction for a proper description of the in-medium properties, which has implications on the nuclear equation of state and for the presence of hyperons inside neutron stars.
The production of baryons and K0 S mesons (V0 particles) was measured in p–Pb collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV and pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV with ALICE at the LHC. The production of these strange particles is studied separately for particles associated with hard scatterings and the underlying event to shed light on the baryon-to-meson ratio enhancement observed at intermediate transverse momentum (pT) in high multiplicity pp and p–Pb collisions. Hard scatterings are selected on an eventby-event basis with jets reconstructed with the anti-kT algorithm using charged particles. The production of strange particles associated with jets pch T, jet > 10 and pch T, jet > 20 GeV/c in p–Pb collisions, and with jet pch T, jet > 10 GeV/c in pp collisions is reported as a function of pT. Its dependence on angular distance from the jet axis, R(V0, jet), for jets with pch T, jet > 10 GeV/c in p–Pb collisions is reported as well. The pT-differential production spectra of strange particles associated with jets are found to be harder compared to that in the underlying event and both differ from the inclusive measurements. In events containing a jet, the density of the V0 particles in the underlying event is found to be larger than the density in the minimum bias events. The /K0 S ratio associated with jets in p–Pb collisions is consistent with the ratio in pp collisions and follows the expectation of jets fragmenting in vacuum. On the other hand, this ratio within jets is consistently lower than the one obtained in the underlying event and it does not show the characteristic enhancement of baryons at intermediate pT often referred to as “baryon anomaly” in the inclusive measurements.
This study presents a comprehensive and critical assessment of the meteorological conditions and atmospheric flow during the Lagrangian-type "Hill Cap Cloud Thuringia 2010" experiment (HCCT-2010). HCCT-2010 was performed in September and October 2010 at Mt. Schmücke in the Thuringian forest, Germany, applying three measurements sites (upwind, in-cloud, downwind) to study physical and chemical aerosol-cloud-interactions. A Lagrangian-type hill cap cloud experiment requires suitable cloud and particularly connected airflow conditions, i.e. representative air masses at the different measurement sites. Therefore, the present study aimed at the identification of time periods during the 6-weeks duration of the campaign, where such conditions were fulfilled and which can be used in further data examinations.
The following topics were studied in detail: (i) the general synoptic weather situations including the mesoscale flow conditions by means of a classification of advected air masses and calculation of non-dimensional flow parameters (e.g. Froude number), (ii) local meteorological conditions, including synoptic front passages, the presence of orographic or frontal cloudiness, cloud base heights and vertical stratification, and (iii) local flow conditions by means of statistical analyses using the quasi-inert trace gas ozone and selected size bins of particle number size distributions as well as SF6 tracer experiments in the campaign area. A comprehensive analyses using statistical measures such as the COD (Coefficient Of Divergence) and cross-correlation have been carried out for the first time in the context of a Lagrangian-type hill cap cloud experiment. Suitable criteria for the aimed statistical analyses were thus developed and applied in the present study to characterise the local flow connectivity in detail.
The comprehensive examination resulted in a total of 14 so-called "Full Cloud Events" (FCE), which are shown to conform to the Lagrange-type experimental philosophy of HCCT-2010. In addition, 15 so-called "Non-Cloud Events" (NCEs) could be established, which can be used as reference cases as they provide similarly suitable flow conditions but no cloud at the summit site. Orographic cloudiness was identified for approx. one third of the FCE periods, while about two thirds were associated to synoptic fronts. The statistical flow analyses indicate the existence of a strong link between the sites during the events, particularly under constant south-westerly flow conditions, high wind speeds and slightly stable stratification. The COD analyses using continuously measured concentrations of ozone and the 49 nm diameter particle bin revealed particularly for COD values below 0.1 very consistent time series, i.e. closely linked air masses between the different sites. The cross-correlation analysis revealed under connected flow conditions typical overflow times of about 15 to 30 min between the two valley sites. Additionally, the performed SF6 tracer experiments during the campaign clearly demonstrate that under appropriate meteorological conditions a Lagrangian-type approach is valid and that the connected flow validation procedure developed in this work is suitable for identifying such conditions. Finally, an overall evaluation of the identified FCEs is presented, which provides the basis for subsequent investigations of the measured chemical and physical data during HCCT-2010.
Biogenic organic precursors play an important role in atmospheric new particle formation (NPF). One of the major precursor species is α-pinene, which upon oxidation can form a suite of products covering a wide range of volatilities. Highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) comprise a fraction of the oxidation products formed. While it is known that HOMs contribute to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation, including NPF, they have not been well studied in newly formed particles due to their very low mass concentrations. Here we present gas- and particle-phase chemical composition data from experimental studies of α-pinene oxidation, including in the presence of isoprene, at temperatures (−50 and −30 ∘C) and relative humidities (20 % and 60 %) relevant in the upper free troposphere. The measurements took place at the CERN Cosmics Leaving Outdoor Droplets (CLOUD) chamber. The particle chemical composition was analyzed by a thermal desorption differential mobility analyzer (TD-DMA) coupled to a nitrate chemical ionization–atmospheric pressure interface–time-of-flight (CI-APi-TOF) mass spectrometer. CI-APi-TOF was used for particle- and gas-phase measurements, applying the same ionization and detection scheme. Our measurements revealed the presence of C8−10 monomers and C18−20 dimers as the major compounds in the particles (diameter up to ∼ 100 nm). Particularly, for the system with isoprene added, C5 (C5H10O5−7) and C15 compounds (C15H24O5−10) were detected. This observation is consistent with the previously observed formation of such compounds in the gas phase. However, although the C5 and C15 compounds do not easily nucleate, our measurements indicate that they can still contribute to the particle growth at free tropospheric conditions. For the experiments reported here, most likely isoprene oxidation products enhance the growth of particles larger than 15 nm. Additionally, we report on the nucleation rates measured at 1.7 nm (J1.7 nm) and compared with previous studies, we found lower J1.7 nm values, very likely due to the higher α-pinene and ozone mixing ratios used in the present study.
Biogenic organic precursors play an important role in atmospheric new particle formation (NPF). One of the major precursor species is α-pinene, which upon oxidation can form a suite of products covering a wide range of volatilities. Highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) comprise a fraction of the oxidation products formed. While it is known that HOMs contribute to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation, including NPF, they have not been well studied in newly formed particles due to their very low mass concentrations. Here we present gas- and particle-phase chemical composition data from experimental studies of α-pinene oxidation, including in the presence of isoprene, at temperatures (−50 and −30 ∘C) and relative humidities (20 % and 60 %) relevant in the upper free troposphere. The measurements took place at the CERN Cosmics Leaving Outdoor Droplets (CLOUD) chamber. The particle chemical composition was analyzed by a thermal desorption differential mobility analyzer (TD-DMA) coupled to a nitrate chemical ionization–atmospheric pressure interface–time-of-flight (CI-APi-TOF) mass spectrometer. CI-APi-TOF was used for particle- and gas-phase measurements, applying the same ionization and detection scheme. Our measurements revealed the presence of C8−10 monomers and C18−20 dimers as the major compounds in the particles (diameter up to ∼ 100 nm). Particularly, for the system with isoprene added, C5 (C5H10O5−7) and C15 compounds (C15H24O5−10) were detected. This observation is consistent with the previously observed formation of such compounds in the gas phase. However, although the C5 and C15 compounds do not easily nucleate, our measurements indicate that they can still contribute to the particle growth at free tropospheric conditions. For the experiments reported here, most likely isoprene oxidation products enhance the growth of particles larger than 15 nm. Additionally, we report on the nucleation rates measured at 1.7 nm (J1.7 nm) and compared with previous studies, we found lower J1.7 nm values, very likely due to the higher α-pinene and ozone mixing ratios used in the present study.
Es wird eine systematische Anleitung gegeben zur Revision der Namen von Assoziationen gemäß den Regeln des Internationalen Code der Pflanzensoziologischen Nomenklatur (ICPN, 3. Aufl. 2000). Außerdem werden die Verfahren zur gültigen Veröffentlichung von Assoziationen und Subassoziationen erläutert. Eine Übersicht über die Formen der Autorzitate und Zusätze bei syntaxonomischen Namen ist beigefügt.
Ernst Preising (1911-2007)
(2008)
Senecio inaequidens DC., eine in Mitteleuropa bislang nur von Ruderalstandorten bekannte Art, hat sich neuerdings auf den Ostfriesischen Inseln als fester Bestandteil der natürlichen Dünenvegetation (Elymo-Ammophiletum, Hippophao-Salicetum arenariae)etabliert und sich dort vom Epökophyten zum Agriophyten gewandelt. Auf entsprechenden Standorten wurde die Art bislang auf Borkum, Baltrum, Spiekeroog, Wangerooge, Oldeoog und Mellum gefunden.
Noneequilibrium models (three-fluid hydrodynamics and UrQMD) use to discuss the uniqueness of often proposed experimental signatures for quark matter formation in relativistic heavy ion collisions. It is demonstrated that these two models - although they do treat the most interesting early phase of the collisions quite differently(thermalizing QGP vs. coherent color fields with virtual particles) - both yields a reasonable agreement with a large variety of the available heavy ion data.
Rubus raduloides (ROG.) SUDRE, eine bislang nur von England, Wales und Schottland bekannte Brombeerart, ist ebenso auf dem Kontinent (in den Niederlanden, Belgien und in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland) weit verbreitet, doch hier bisher verkannt und mit anderen Arten verwechselt. Nomenklatorische Fragen, die Verbreitung und Ökologie werden behandelt, und darüber hinaus wird eine detaillierte Beschreibung mit Abbildungen dieser auch in Großbritannien oft falsch interpretierten Art gegeben, um weitere Fehldeutungen zukünftig zu verhindern.
Das Pruno-Rubetum elegantispinosi (Pruno-Rubetalia) wird als neue Gebüschgesellschaft auf kalkreicheren Böden in Hecken Niedersachsens und Westfalens beschrieben. Darüber hinaus wird die Syntaxonomie der Rhamno-Prunetea behandelt. Es wird gezeigt, daß die Rubi (Pseudo-Phanerophyta) mit ihren nur zweijährigen Schößlingen nicht in der Lage sind, sich in geschlossenen, von echten ausdauernden Sträuchern (Nano- Phanerophyta) gebildeten Gebüschen zu behaupten und daher nur als charakteristischer «ubus-Mantel dieser echten Prunetalia-Gebüsche auftreten, wo sie als eine Art "Klammergesellschaft" sowohl die echten Prunetalia wie auch die vorgelagerten Säume (Trifolio- Geranieta, Alliarietalia) zum Teil miteinander verbinden. Im Interesse einer saubereren nyntaxonomischen Fassung der (subatlantischen) Rhamno-Prunetea sind daher (besonders an breiteren Hecken und in ausgedehnteren Gebüschen) innere brombeer- und weitgehend auch krautfreie Bereiche (Prunetalia s.str.) von den äußeren Pruno-Rubetalia zu unters::: heiden, die die Mantelzone der Prunetalia s. str. darstellen, oder auch insgesamt durch schmale Hecken, Waldmänteloder durch noch offene Ptoruerstad.en der Prunetalia s. str. repräsentiert werden können.
Die in Europa vorkommenden Sommergrünen Brombeeren (Rubus subgenus Rubus sectio Rubus subsectio Rubus) werden in vier Serien untergliedert: Series Nessenses H. E. Weber ser. nov. (Typus: Rubus nessensis Hall), Series Rubus ser. nov. (Typus: Rubus fruticosus L. = R. plicatus Weihe & Nees), Series Canadenses (L.H. Bailey) H. E.Weber ser. nov. (Typus: Rubus canadensis L.) und Series Alleghenienses (L. H. Bailey) H. E. Weber ser. nov. (Typus: Rubus allegheniensis Porter). Die Series Rubus wird in zwei Subserien unterteilt: Subseries Rubus (Typus: Rubus fruticosus L.) subser. nov. und Subseries Subrhamnifolii (Focke) H. E. Weber subser. nov. (Typus: Rubus montanus Wirtgen = R. senticosus Koehler ex Weihe). Die Taxonomie und Nomenklatur dieser infragenerischen Taxa sind behandelt.