Refine
Is part of the Bibliography
35912 search hits
-
Pittosporum undulatum as a case study for native species that change range – how to avoid inappropriate responses?
(2003)
-
Jocelyn Howell
- During the past two centuries massive land use changes in Australia have altered fire regimes, changed hydrology, increased soil salinity and nutrient levels, and altered abundance and distributions of animals with which native plants interact. Such changes to plant habitats may induce changes in range of indigenous plant species. We need to consider very carefully how to treat native species that naturalise outside their previous ranges. The spread of Pittosporum undulatum in the Sydney region provides a case study for considering approaches to this question.
-
Pollination ecology of Tetratheca juncea (Tremandraceae): finding the pollinators
(2003)
-
Colin Driscoll
- Tetratheca juncea Smith (family Tremandraceae) is a terrestrial herbaceous plant now mainly found in the Lake Macquarie area of coastal NSW and listed as Vulnerable under Schedule 2 of the NSW Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995. This study carried out from July 2001 to June 2002 records the observation and identification of two species of native bee buzz-pollinating its flowers and describes a direct relationship between the first appearance of a pollinator and the commencement of seed set. Findings from this study with respect to the pollination ecology of Tetratheca juncea are:
• There is a strong flowering period from September to January, though a number of flowers can be found on some plants across the geographic range of the plant in all months of the year;
• Two species of native bee Lasioglossum convexum and Exoneura sp, were confirmed collecting pollen from the flowers by way of buzz pollination;
• Fruiting only occurred in coincidence with flower pollination by these bees;
• Flowering, seed set and seed release was a concurrent process while ever the bees were active;
• The bees are polylectic and the sexual reproductive process in Tetratheca juncea appears to be pollinator-limited.
-
Changes in dune vegetation over 60 years in a sand-mined area of the NSW lower North Coast
(2003)
-
Ilma M. Brewer
Robert J. Whelan
- Sand mining has been responsible for much of the degradation of the indigenous flora of sand dunes in New South Wales, to the extent that authentic foredune plant communities are now uncommon in much of NSW and southern Queensland. Dune heaths are very susceptible to invasion and infestation by the weed, bitou bush (Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. rotunda). This paper compares the floristic composition of dunes in 1941 (before sand mining) and 1997 & 1999 (after sand mining and invasion by bitou bush), at Bennetts Beach, Hawks Nest, on the lower north coast of NSW. The 1941 data provide a unique example of authentic foredune vegetation and is the first quantitative analysis of coastal dune vegetation in NSW. In 1941, 25 native species were recorded in the 0.5 ha site. Nine of these were considered to be characteristic of dune communities and eight of these nine were also recorded in a 1939 survey at Myall Lakes. Four other studies in the intervening 60 years contain species lists of dune vegetation in this general area (1986, 1995, 1997 and 1999). Of a total of 17 species considered to be strongly associated with dune habitats, five were reported in all of six surveys and 15 occurred in one or more of the more recent surveys (1986 and later); the two exceptions were Austrofestuca littoralis and Senecio spathulatus. Only one introduced weed was recorded in 1941 (Cakile edentula) and the only weeds recorded in 1939 were Cakile edentula and Oxalis corniculata, both cosmopolitan species. Thirteen additional weed species, the most abundant being Chrysanthemoides monilifera, were recorded in the more recent surveys. A set of 14 native species that are more typical of heath and eucalypt forest and woodland communities than of the dunes were absent in the 1939 and 1941 surveys but occurred in one or more of the post-mining surveys of 1995, 1997 and 1999. Detailed plant distribution and abundance were assessed in the same part of Bennetts Beach in 1941, 1997 and 1999. All show some patterns of zonation across the sand dune. However, clear phytosociological patterns of the dominant species that were obvious in 1941 were lacking in the 1997 and 1999 analyses. These contrasts suggest that post-mining revegetation has resulted in weed invasion, addition of native species from other communities, and a disruption of the distributions of typical dune species of species across the sand dunes that has been only partially recovered since sand mining and invasion of bitou bush.
-
Shared exotica: Plant invasions of Japan and south eastern Australia
(2003)
-
Bruce Auld
Hirohiko Morita
Tomoko Nishida
Misako Ito
Peter Michael
- Japan and south eastern Australia have a large exotic flora in common, in spite of contrasting histories, physiographies and land-use patterns. There are some 187 common invading species and at least 71 of these are widespread in both locations. Some 15 widespread exotic invaders in Japan have not been recorded in Australia and a number of native Japanese plants that could be introduced as ornamentals and escape cultivation are noted. The incursion of most exotic species to Japan has been historically recent. The lack of quarantine for plants (apart from parasitic plants and plants infected with disease) coupled with large importations of wheat and soybeans from north America and contaminated grain and fodder for farm animals has led to an exponential rate of plant invasion in Japan. The apparent lack of impact of woody invading species in Japanese forests and forests margins may be due simply to the relatively short time invading species (some with long juvenile periods) have been naturalised.
-
George Caley – Robert Brown’s collecting partner
(2002)
-
Joan B. Webb
- George Caley (1770–1829) collected plant specimens for Joseph Banks in the colony of New South Wales from 1800 to 1810. This paper outlines Caley’s contacts with Robert Brown in New South Wales in 1802 and subsequent years; his contacts with Brown back in England; their collecting forays in the colony, and Brown’s respect for Caley’s ability and botanical knowledge.
-
Robert Brown 200: Introduction
(2002)
-
David Mabberley
- This issue of Cunninghamia includes a number of papers presented at Robert Brown 200, an international conference celebrating Robert Brown’s time in New South Wales and his contribution to science. This conference, held at the Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney on 8–10th May 2002, was one of a series around Australia, to celebrate the successes of Matthew Flinders’ voyage, two hundred years after the Investigator touched various points in its circumnavigation of the Australian coast. Robert Brown (1773– 1858) was selected by Joseph Banks as naturalist for the voyage and in May 1802, arrived in Sydney Cove: he was to spend much of the next three years based in New South Wales (for biographical details of Brown see Mabberley 1985).
-
A preliminary overview of what is reserved in the Inverell and Yallaroi Shires, North Western Slopes, NSW
(2002)
-
John T. Hunter
- A brief assessment is made of the adequacy of the formal conservation reserve network within the Inverell and Yallaroi Shires, around Inverell and Warialda, northern New South Wales. The current reserve network consists of two National Parks (Kings Plains & Kwiambal) and three Nature Reserves (Arakoola, Planchonella & Severn River), sampling 2% of the area of the two shires. 62% of the known vascular plant taxa (746 native, 144 exotic) have been recorded within the five reserves, including 27 of the 48 taxa listed as rare or threatened within the shires. Of 30 vegetation communities found within the five reserves, only 13 were considered adequate in terms of extent or condition. Of 18 communities found on basalt, limestone or alluvial soils, only 12% of their area was considered to be good quality stands. 26 communities were only represented in one reserve. Nine Endangered Ecological Communities are listed for the two shires, only four of which are within the formal reserves. The capture and status of assemblages and flora within the five reserves in the Inverell and Yallaroi Shires is inadequate and many of the species and communities contained warrant additional conservation within the formal conservation network.
-
Robert Brown and the naturalised flora of Australia
(2002)
-
R.H. Groves
- Robert Brown noted 29 introduced plant species around Sydney and Parramatta between 1802 and 1804. The list, contained in Brown’s miscellaneous papers, was not published by Brown at the time of writing but had to wait for James Britten to publish it in 1906, along with Brown’s accompanying notes in Latin. In 1909 Maiden re-published the list for an Australian audience and in 1916 he translated the notes into English and updated the nomenclature of some species.
Brown’s list represents the first documentation of Australia’s naturalised flora following European settlement of Australia’s east coast. Although several of the 29 introduced plant species listed were not considered ‘weeds’ at the time, most of the 29 have spread subsequently to become common components of the naturalised flora throughout Australia. Nomenclature and current distribution of these 29 species are presented in the context of the approximately 2800 taxa now comprising the naturalised flora of Australia.
-
Ecology of Sydney plant species Part 9: Monocotyledon families Agavaceae to Juncaginaceae
(2002)
-
Doug Benson
Lyn McDougall
- Ecological data in tabular form are provided on 361 plant species of the families Agavaceae to Juncaginaceae, 260 native and 101 exotics, occurring in the Sydney region, defined by the Central Coast and Central Tablelands botanical subdivisions of New South Wales (approximately bounded by Lake Macquarie, Orange, Crookwell and Nowra). Relevant Local Government Areas are Auburn, Ashfield, Bankstown, Bathurst, Baulkham Hills, Blacktown, Blayney, Blue Mountains, Botany, Burwood, Cabonne, Camden, Campbelltown, Canterbury, Cessnock, Concord, Crookwell, Drummoyne, Evans, Fairfield, Greater Lithgow, Gosford, Hawkesbury, Holroyd, Hornsby, Hunters Hill, Hurstville, Kiama, Kogarah, Ku-Ring-Gai, Lake Macquarie, Lane Cove, Leichhardt, Liverpool, Manly, Marrickville, Mosman, Mulwaree, North Sydney, Oberon, Orange, Parramatta, Penrith, Pittwater, Randwick, Rockdale, Ryde, Rylstone, Shellharbour, Shoalhaven, Singleton, South Sydney, Strathfield, Sutherland, Sydney City, Warringah, Waverley, Willoughby, Wingecarribee, Wollondilly, Wollongong, Woollahra and Wyong. The study area falls within the Sydney Basin IBRA Bioregion.
Families are: Agavaceae, Alismataceae, Alliaceae, Alstroemeriaceae, Amarylidaceae, Anthericaceae, Aponogetonaceae, Araceae, Arecaceae, Asparagaceae, Asphodelaceae, Asteliaceae, Blandfordiaceae, Burmanniaceae, Cannaceae, Centrolepidaceae, Colchicaceae, Commelinaceae, Cyperaceae, Dioscoreaceae, Doryanthaceae, Eriocaulaceae, Flagellariaceae, Haemodoraceae, Hyacinthaceae, Hydrocharitaceae, Hypoxidaceae, Iridaceae, Juncaceae, Juncaginaceae. // Data are derived from herbarium collections, literature and field observations. It is hoped that the many, often alarming gaps in the information available will stimulate much-needed research into the ecology of more of the species. Information is provided so far as available to us for each plant species in the following categories:
Life History: Growth form, vegetative spread, longevity, primary juvenile period (time from germination to fruiting), reproduction, flowering and fruiting times, fruit/seed type, dispersal, establishment and growth, fire response, interaction with other organisms.
Distribution: Status/origin (native/naturalised), botanical subregions, distribution in Sydney area, selected locations.
Habitat: Habitat, altitude, annual rainfall, typical local abundance, vegetation, substrate, exposure.
Conservation: Conservation status.
-
Cumberland Plain Woodland ecology then and now: interpretations and implications from the work of Robert Brown and others
(2002)
-
Doug Benson
Jocelyn Howell
- By the time Robert Brown visited western Sydney (1802–1805), its vegetation was already beginning to be affected by settlers’ activities. The Cumberland Plain Woodland that occurred on the clay soils has now been extensively cleared and long-term management of remnants for species conservation is of high priority. Robert Brown’s collections in the area, together with descriptions by Atkinson, Cunningham and other writers, provide us with valuable information on the vegetation and its floristic composition. Supported by recent site monitoring at Mount Annan Botanic Garden at Campbelltown, we interpret this information in the light of current ecological knowledge and conclude that:
• Woodland structure is variable in the short term; therefore seeking to conserve structure exactly as described in the historical literature is not necessarily appropriate.
• While the historical literature provides evidence of the broad floristic composition of the Cumberland Plain area overall, it does not provide sufficient detail on individual sites; future management of specific sites must therefore be based on current data.
• The evidence suggests relatively few species have become extinct overall, possibly because many species appear to be relatively long-lived, and have mechanisms to survive drought, fire and grazing, though not soil alteration.
• Many species, however, are now distributed patchily in localised remnants and rare species are not clustered in a predictable way; species diversity is therefore likely to be lost if further clearing of remnants occurs.
