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Quantitative determination of conformational dynamics of nucleic acids duplexes
(2019)
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Nicole Erlenbach
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Classifying, evaluating and advancing big data benchmarks
(2019)
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Todor Ivanov
- The main contribution of the thesis is in helping to understand which software system parameters mostly affect the performance of Big Data Platforms under realistic workloads. In detail, the main research contributions of the thesis are:
1. Definition of the new concept of heterogeneity for Big Data Architectures (Chapter 2);
2. Investigation of the performance of Big Data systems (e.g. Hadoop) in virtualized environments (Section 3.1);
3. Investigation of the performance of NoSQL databases versus Hadoop distributions (Section 3.2);
4. Execution and evaluation of the TPCx-HS benchmark (Section 3.3);
5. Evaluation and comparison of Hive and Spark SQL engines using benchmark queries (Section 3.4);
6. Evaluation of the impact of compression techniques on SQL-on-Hadoop engine performance (Section 3.5);
7. Extensions of the standardized Big Data benchmark BigBench (TPCx-BB)(Section 4.1 and 4.3);
8. Definition of a new benchmark, called ABench (Big Data Architecture Stack Benchmark), that takes into account the heterogeneity of Big Data architectures (Section 4.5).
The thesis is an attempt to re-define system benchmarking taking into account the new requirements posed by the Big Data applications. With the explosion of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and new hardware computing power, this is a first step towards a more holistic approach to benchmarking.
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Selbst die Kopie ein Original : die Konstruktion und Adaption globaler Ideen : [Rezension zu: Samuel Moyn, Andrew Sartori, Global intellectual history, New York: Columbia University Press 2013, 342 S., ISBN 978-0-231-16048-3]
(2014)
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Stefan Kroll
- Die geistes- und sozialwissenschaftlichen Disziplinen haben ihr Spektrum in der jüngeren Vergangenheit um globale Perspektiven erweitert. Auch für das Feld der Intellectual History liegt nun ein Sammelband von Samuel Moyn und Andrew Sartori vor, der die Frage des Globalen diskutiert und dabei viele Beobachtungen enthält, die über das Feld der Ideen- und Geistesgeschichte hinaus Beachtung verdienen. Von rechtshistorischem Interesse sind vor allem die Abschnitte zur Konzeption des Globalen und zur Übersetzung und Verankerung globaler normativer Muster. ...
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5-Amino-1-β-D-Ribofuranosyl-Imidazole-4-Carboxamide (AICAR) reduces peripheral inflammation by macrophage phenotype shift
(2019)
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Lisa Maria Martin
Moritz Möller
Ulrike Weiss
Otto Russe
Klaus Scholich
Sandra Pierre
Gerd Geisslinger
Ellen Niederberger
- The stimulation of the AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) by 5-amino-1-β-D-ribofuranosyl-imidazole-4-carboxamide (AICAR) has been associated with antihyperalgesia and the inhibition of nociceptive signaling in the spinal cord in models of paw inflammation. The attenuated nociception comes along with a strongly reduced paw edema, indicating that peripheral antiinflammatory mechanisms contribute to antinociception. In this study, we investigated the impact of AICAR on the immune cell composition in inflamed paws, as well as the regulation of inflammatory and resolving markers in macrophages. By using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis and immunofluorescence, we found a significantly increased fraction of proresolving M2 macrophages and anti-inflammatory interleukin (IL)-10 in inflamed tissue, while M1 macrophages and proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1 were decreased by AICAR in wild type mice. In AMPKα2 knock-out mice, the M2 polarization of macrophages in the paw was missing. The results were supported by experiments in primary macrophage cultures which also showed a shift to a proresolving phenotype with decreased levels of proinflammatory mediators and increased levels of antiinflammatory mediators. However, in the cell cultures, we did not observe differences between the AMPKα2+/+ and −/− cells, thus indicating that the AICAR-induced effects are at least partially AMPK-independent. In summary, our results indicate that AICAR has potent antiinflammatory and proresolving properties in inflammation which are contributing to a reduction of inflammatory edema and antinociception.
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Koloniales Kapital : über Pfadabhängigkeiten rechtlicher und politischer Einflussnahme : [Rezension zu: Yves Dezalay, Bryant G. Garth, Asian Legal Revivals. Lawyers in the Shadow of Empire. The University of Chicago Press: Chicago 2010, VI, 289 S., ISBN 978-0-226-14462-7]
(2013)
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Stefan Kroll
- In der gegenwärtigen Forschung zu Recht und Kolonialismus zeigt sich ein interessanter Gegensatz: Während das Recht vor allem als ein Instrument kolonialer Machtausübung verstanden wird, erscheinen Juristen, die nach einer Ausbildung an europäischen oder amerikanischen Universitäten in ihre Herkunftsländer zurückkehrten, als zentrale Akteure lokaler Unabhängigkeitsbewegungen, aus denen heraus neue Nationalstaaten entstanden. Dieser Gegensatz wird beispielhaft illustriert durch aktuelle Arbeiten von Turan Kayaoglu zum Legal Imperialism sowie Arnulf Becker-Lorca und seine Figur des Semi-Peripheral Jurist. Das Buch Asian Legal Revivals – Lawyers in the Shadow of Empire erschien 2010 und geht daher nicht direkt auf diese Arbeiten ein, dennoch ist es ein Beitrag dazu, beide Beobachtungen miteinander zu verbinden. Die Rechtssoziologen Yves Dezalay und Bryant G. Garth, die gemeinsam bereits sechs Bücher verfasst oder herausgegeben haben, untersuchen die Rolle von Juristen in der Herausbildung und Legitimation politischer Herrschaft in sieben asiatischen Ländern im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert. ...
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Beyond the bucket – developing a global gradient-based groundwater model (G3M v1.0) for a global hydrological model from scratch
(2018)
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Robert Reinecke
Laura Foglia
Steffen Mehl
Tim Trautmann
Denise Cáceres
Petra Döll
- To quantify water flows between groundwater (GW) and surface water (SW) as well as the impact of Abstract. To quantify water flows between groundwater (GW) and surface water (SW) as well as the impact of capillary rise on evapotranspiration by global hydrological models (GHMs), it is necessary to replace the bucket-like linear GW reservoir model typical for hydrological models with a fully integrated gradient-based GW flow model. Linear reservoir models can only simulate GW discharge to SW bodies, provide no information on the location of the GW table and assume that there is no GW flow among grid cells. A gradient-based GW model simulates not only GW storage but also hydraulic head, which together with information on SW table elevation enables the quantification of water flows from GW to SW and vice versa. In addition, hydraulic heads are the basis for calculating lateral GW flow among grid cells and capillary rise.
G³M is a new global gradient-based GW model with a spatial resolution of 5' that will replace the current linear GW reservoir in the 0.5° WaterGAP Global Hydrology Model (WGHM). The newly developed model framework enables inmemory coupling to WGHM while keeping overall runtime relatively low, allowing sensitivity analyses and data assimilation. This paper presents the G³M concept and specific model design decisions together with results under steady-state naturalized conditions, i.e. neglecting GW abstractions. Cell-specific conductances of river beds, which govern GW-SW interaction, were determined based on the 30'' steady-state water table computed by Fan et al. (2013). Together with an appropriate choice for the effective elevation of the SW table within each grid cell, this enables a reasonable simulation of drainage from GW to SW such that, in contrast to the GW model of de Graaf et al. (2015, 2017), no additional drainage based on externally provided values for GW storage above the floodplain is required in G³M. Comparison of simulated hydraulic heads to observations around the world shows better agreement than de Graaf et al. (2015). In addition, G³M output is compared to the output of two established macro-scale models for the Central Valley, California, and the continental United States, respectively. As expected, depth to GW table is highest in mountainous and lowest in flat regions. A first analysis of losing and gaining rivers and lakes/wetlands indicates that GW discharge to rivers is by far the dominant flow, draining diffuse GW recharge, such that lateral flows only become a large fraction of total diffuse and focused recharge in case of losing rivers and some areas with very low GW recharge. G³M does not represent losing rivers in some dry regions. This study presents the first steps towards replacing the linear GW reservoir model in a GHM while improving on recent efforts, demonstrating the feasibility of the approach and the robustness of the newly developed framework.
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Digital interaction and communication in sports
(2019)
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Josef Wiemeyer
- Josef Wiemeyer is professor of sports science at Technische Universität Darmstadt focusing on movement and training science and sports informatics. He is currently conducting research on selected topics of technologysupported learning and training. He has published on topics such as serious games for health, individualized training with exergames, mobile training applications and learning in human-robot dyads.
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Visible and invisible civilization : [Rezension zu: Marc Pauka, Kultur, Fortschritt und Reziprozität. Die Begriffsgeschichte des zivilisierten Staates im Völkerrecht (Rheinische Schriften zur Rechtsgeschichte 16), Baden-Baden: Nomos 2012, 268 S., ISBN 978-3-8329-7413-8]
(2013)
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Stefan Kroll
- The study of civilization is one of the core subjects of international legal history. This is no recent development. Jörg Fisch published his seminal work "Die Europäische Expansion und das Völkerrecht" in 1984, the same year in which Gerrit W. Gong presented his renowned "Standard of Civilization". Today, the more recent works by Martti Koskenniemi and Antony Anghie probably represent the most influential research in this field. What all these path breaking works have in common is that they discuss concepts of civilization in international law especially with regard to its function as providing justification narratives for the European/non-European unequal relations, in particular in the 19th century. ...
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Development assistance goes digital - the opportunities and challenges non-governmental organisations face in digital communication
(2019)
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Angelika Böhling
- Angelika Böhling is head of press and public relations at Kindernothilfe, one of the largest Christian organisations for children’s rights in Europe. She represents Kindernothilfe as a press spokesperson and is also a member of the board of the Development Assistance Alliance, an association of nine major donor organisations.
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Digital technology in schools
(2019)
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Stefan Aufenanger
Jasmin Bastian
- Stefan Aufenanger is a retired professor of educational science and media education at the University of Mainz. He is currently conducting research at five schools on the relationship between digitalisation, personality development and spirituality. His recent publications dealt with the influence of digital media on young children.
Jasmin Bastian is a junior professor of educational science with a focus on media education at the University of Mainz. She is currently researching digital media at school, at university and in childhood. She is currently working on publications on handwritten versus digital notes in lectures, tablets in schools and requirements for teacher training as well as dealing with digital media in childhood.
