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In den 60er Jahren entstand der Plan, die Flora Mitteleuropas nach britischem Vorbild zu kartieren. Als Probelauf erschien HAUEPLER (1976). Sein Atlas zur Flora von Südniedersachsen umfaßte auch den Kreis Höxter östlich des 9. Längengrades, also der Egge. Über 12 Jahre später lag das Hauptwerk noch rechtzeitig zu Weihnachten auf dem Tisch. Selbst die sonst zurückhaltende "Frankfurter Allgemeine" lobt es als Jahrhundertwerk. Wir wollen versuchen, die beiden Rasterkartenwerke zu vergleichen. Stützte sich der Verfasser damals auf 169 Feldbotaniker, so waren es diesmal schon über 1200, obwohl inzwischen das Arbeitsgebiet auf die Bundesrepublik beschränkt werden mußte, und man als Grundfeld statt eines Viertel- Meßtischblatts (TK 25) jetzt ein ganzes wählte. PREYWISCH u.a. (1981, 1982) konnten die Fläche des Kreises Höxter damals mit 51 Meßtischblattvierteln (Quadranten) einigermaßen abdecken. Heute ist man mit 17 TK 25 viel ungenauer.
Im Dezember 1988 hatte ich die Gelegenheit, einige Mistelpflanzen an ihrem natürlichen Standort im Gebiet des Oberen Weserberglandes zu studieren. Herr Kurt Preywisch hat mir die gesuchten selteneren Mistelwirte gezeigt. Das Anliegen des Mistelstudiums geht aus der Grundlagenforschung in der Heilmittelfirma Helixor hervor, wo die Mistel als Heilmittel für Krankheiten auf dem Gebiet der Tumorbildung und des rheumatischen Formenkreises zubereitet wird. Die Forschung dient dem Anspruch, höchster Qualität zu genügen und außerdem die Erkenntnisse über die Mistelpflanze zu erweitern.
Pentzia is a predominantly southern African genus of low shrubs, many of which are important fodder plants for sheep in semi-arid and arid areas. Attempts since 1869 to introduce Pentzia incana to south-eastern Australia for sheep fodder are described. One of these, near Koonamore in north-eastern South Australia, was temporarily successful there and may have led to the only extant stands in Australia – two well-established populations at Mount Serle in the northern Flinders Ranges. These events are related to the biology of the species and to similar events concerning the deliberate introduction of the species to Arizona. These data are discussed in terms of current ideas about plant introduction, dispersal, invasion and the concept of sleeper weeds. Pentzia globosa is currently known from a single stand in Australia, at Bundaleer Forest in the Mid North of South Australia. The history of this occurrence is briefly discussed. For both species, it is concluded that regular monitoring is needed in case of rapid spread and that further data are needed on the extent to which they exhibit weedy behaviour in southern Africa.
Eine Nieheimer Flechthecke
(1989)
Zu den landschaftstypischen Kulturelementen aus Westfalen, die volkskundliches Interesse verdienen, gehört auch die Nieheimer Flechthecke. Die Bezeichnung deutet schon die lokale Verbreitung dieser Hecken an. Es ist eine Art der Weideabgrenzung, die besonders im Raum Nieheim, der Nordwestecke des Oberwälder Landes, verbreitet war und sich dort noch relativ lange gehalten hat. Hecken waren hier das prägende Landschaftbild und stehen im engen Zusammenhang mit der Weidewirtschaft. Flechthecken gibt es auch in anderen Gegenden Westfalens, jedoch unterscheiden sie sich vom Nieheimer Typ.
Dank einer erneut sehr großen Beteiligung am "Kranichmelden" ist das Zuggeschehen über dem Kreis Höxter auch in 1988 wieder durch reichlich Datenmaterial belegt. Im Frühjahr gingen 171 und im Herbst 311 Beobachtungen ein, die in den beiden untenstehenden Grafiken zusammengefasst dargestellt sind. Ein Abdruck sämtlicher Einzelmeldungen wäre zu langatmig und wegen der Unübersichtlichkeit auch nicht sonderlich aussagefähig. In vielen Fällen ist das Herausfiltern von eventuell identischen Zügen, die an verschiedenen Orten gesehen wurden, sehr schwierig. An Tagen mit sehr starkem Durchzug in kurzer Zeit kann man fast nur die an der Kreisgrenze einfliegenden Tiere zusammenrechnen, da praktisch alle in der folgenden Stunde im Kreisgebiet beobachteten Flüge aus diesen schon registrierten Vögeln bestehen können. Hier wurden nur Züge gerechnet, bei denen eine Doppelmeldung absolut ausgeschlossen ist. Deswegen und auch durch die Tatsache, dass einige Flüge nicht ausgezählt bzw. geschätzt wurden oder wegen Dunkelheit nicht zählbar waren und somit nicht mit eingerechnet werden konnten, sind die angegebenen Zahlen ein absolutes Minimum. Insgesamt war zumindest der Herbstzug deutlich unauffälliger als im Vorjahr, was aber nicht heißt, das der Kranichbestand selbst abgenommen hat. Vielmehr wird dies wohl mit geringfügigen Verlagerungen der Zugstrecke zusammenhängen. Es ist ebenfalls von Bedeutung, auf welche Wochentage die Durchzugspitzen fallen. An einem Sonntagnachmittag sind mehr Leute draußen unterwegs als innerhalb der Woche und somit werden dann auch mehr Kraniche gesichtet.
The listed threatened plant taxa within the South Coast Region of New South Wales (Helensburgh to Batemans Bay, as designated by the NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service) are documented. Of the 100 NSW listed taxa, 69 are also listed by the Commonwealth, while two additional taxa are only listed by the Commonwealth. An analysis of the individual taxa and the 62 conservation reserves in the region, found that 30 taxa can with confidence be said to be adequately reserved, while 50 are assessed as inadequately reserved; for the remaining 22 taxa, reservation status is unknown. Examples of challenges for the conservation of threatened plants in the region are examined; these challenges have relevance well beyond the South Coast Region. Managing for individual plant species may be hampered by a lack of basic ecological information; this is particularly so for the rarer species such as orchids. One of the main areas where information is lacking is the response of most species to bushfire. Conservation on private land is becoming an increasingly important and challenging area for plant species conservation as the last large areas of public land are dedicated for one purpose or another. A more co-ordinated approach to conservation on private land may produce improved outcomes for many inadequately reserved taxa.
Vegetation structure and floristics of granite landforms in the South-west Slopes of New South Wales
(2012)
We describe the natural vegetation structure and floristics of 44 small-sized granite outcrops (inselbergs) in agricultural landscapes in the South-west Slopes (SWS) bioregion of New South Wales (35º 26’ S, 147º 23’ E to 35º 58’ S, 146º 59’E) and their relationships with geomorphology. We provide a list of 196 species (117 natives and 79 exotics). We found that structurally complex outcrops supported a greater diversity of native ground cover species and fewer exotic species than structurally simple outcrops. Tor landforms lacked vegetation structural complexity and were deficient in native shrubs, mid-storey and over-storey species but typically supported exotic grasses and broadleaved exotic weeds. Floristic composition differed among landforms and cluster analysis revealed highly dissimilar native plant communities among outcrops. Our study highlights the need to rehabilitate tor landforms and manage a broad spectrum of outcrops to conserve floristic diversity in agricultural landscapes. Selecting genetically diverse species for replanting, considering the density and spatial arrangement of plantings, and controlling invasive plants and feral herbivorous animals are fundamental issues in restoring granite outcrop vegetation in the SWS bioregion.
Spring wetlands on the Strathbogie plateau were mapped using recent aerial photography to estimate their current and former extent. The floristic composition and relationships of the vegetation with topographic, environmental and land use variables were interpreted from an analysis of quadrat data. Wetland condition, threats to their persistence and future management requirements were also identified. More than half of the original wetland vegetation in the study area appears to have been lost, probably as a result of clearing for agriculture. Nine floristic assemblages, identified using agglomerative hierarchical clustering, were identified on acidic to mildly alkaline peat in five different hydrogeomorphic settings. One of these assemblages (Low Open Sedgeland) was uniquely confined to spring-fed mounds, not previously described in Victoria. A key to identification of these groups was developed. Floristic composition was correlated with climate and site disturbance but charcoal throughout sediment cores suggested that historical disturbance regimes included fire. Forested sites at higher elevations where grazing pressure appears to have been less intense were the least disturbed sites. Approximately 60% of the wetlands surveyed were assessed as showing signs of soil moisture loss but there was no evidence that water extraction via dams and known bores was a significant driver of current vegetation composition. Threats requiring management were related to habitat destruction and degradation, dysfunction of physical and biological processes, and changes to disturbance regimes. Establishment of native vegetation buffers and biomass management are likely to be of benefit for future management of spring wetland vegetation.
Newnes Plateau Shrub Swamps are a series of low nutrient temperate montane peat swamps around 1100 m elevation in the upper Blue Mountains, west of Sydney (lat 33° 23’ S; long 150° 13’E). Transect-based vegetation studies show a closely related group of swamps with expanses of permanently moist, gently sloping peatlands. Vegetation patterns are related to surface hydrology and subsurface topography, which determine local peat depth. While there is evidence that a group of the highest elevation swamps on the western side of the Plateau are more dependent on rainwater, the majority of swamps, particularly those in the Carne Creek catchment, and east and south of it, may beconsidered primarily groundwater dependent with a permanently high watertable maintained by groundwater aquifers. An integral part of the swamps are a number of threatened groundwater dependent biota (plants–Boronia deanei subsp. deanei, Dillwynia stipulifera, dragonfly– Petalura gigantea, lizard– Eulamprus leuraensis), which are obligate swamp dwellers. This association of dependence leaves the entire swamp ecosystem highly susceptible to threats from any loss of groundwater, the current major one being the impact of damage to the confining aquicludes, aquitards, aquifers and peat substrates as a result of subsidence associated with longwall mining. Impacts on the swamps may also result from changes to hydrology through damming of creeks, mine waste water discharge, increased moisture competition from pine plantations, recreational motorbike and off-road vehicle tracks and climate change. If these groundwater dependent ecosystems do not receive protection from activities such as longwall mining subsidence, significant ecological damage is unlikely to be avoided or able to be mitigated even where provisions of the Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation and NSW Threatened Species Conservation Acts apply to groundwater dependent swamps and biota. The importance of the highest elevation part of the Plateau for a number of restricted (some endemic) plant species is also discussed.